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21.
Mechanism analysis on simultaneous oxidation of NO and SO2 with additives was presented and numerical simulation was developed to investigate the performances of three additives on oxidation of NO and SO2. The simulation result showed that reaction temperature, residence time, additive dose and NO concentration influence the oxidation process significantly. There exists an optimum reaction condition for each additive. n-C4H10 has the strongest ability to oxidize NO and SO2. 相似文献
22.
Equilibrium exchange isotherms were determined for the exchange of Cu2+ with NaZSM-5 at varying Cu(Ac)2 concentrations in solutions of constant volume and zeolite weight. At low Cu2+ levels the solid scavenged all the copper ions. When copper could be detected in the equilibrated solutions, overexchange was observed. The extent of overexchange was higher at pH 6 than at pH 4. These results were analyzed in relation to catalytic activity.On leave from the Central Institute for Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H1525 Budapest, Hungary. 相似文献
23.
Using TiO2 as carrier, CuO/TiO2 catalysts with different CuO loading were prepared by the impregnation method. The catalytic activities in NO+CO reaction
were examined with a micro-reactor gas chromatography reaction system and the methods of TPR, XPS and NO-TPD. It was found
that the catalytic activities were affected by pretreatment atmosphere, i.e. H2 atmosphere > reduction–reoxidation > 10%CO/He > reaction gas (fresh sample). NO decomposition was better by low-valence Cu
species than by high-valence Cu species, i.e. Cu0>Cu+>Cu2+. The XPS results indicated that Cu species on CuO/TiO2 were Cu0, Cu+, normal Cu2+(Cu2+(I)) and chain-structured Cu2+(Cu2+(II)) as –Cu–O–Ti–O–. The activities of Cu2+(II) were much higher than that of Cu2+(I), but both species were very unstable in the reaction atmosphere and easily reduced by CO, which accounted for the variable
activities of fresh catalysts with increasing reaction temperature. In NO+CO reaction, the redox process was a cycle of Cu+–Cu2+(I) at low reaction temperature but was a cycle of Cu0–Cu+ at high reaction temperature. As shown by NO-TPD, high catalytic activities could be attributed to the following factors,
e.g. oxygen caves on the catalyst’s surface after pretreatment with H2 and reduction–reoxidation, formation of Cu0 after pretreatment with H2, and increment of Cu species dispersion and formation of Cu2+(II) after pretreatment with reduction–reoxidation. 相似文献
24.
The interaction of nitric oxide with Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 solid solution were investigated by means of EPR and IR spectroscopies. The influence of adsorption parameters such as adsorption temperature and pressure, presence of the O2 co-reactant on the nature and relative surface abundance of the resultant mono- and dimeric NO species was elucidated. The thermal stability of the surface nitrosyl complexes and their reactivity toward dioxygen were also examined. 相似文献
25.
Simulation of swirling combustion and NO formation using a USM turbulence-chemistry model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A unified second-order moment (USM) turbulence-chemistry model is used to simulate methane-air swirling combustion and NO formation for different swirl numbers. The simulation results are compared with those using the EBU-Arrhenius (E-A) combustion model, the simplified PDF model of NO formation in turbulent flows and the corresponding experimental results. The comparison indicates that the USM model is obviously better than the E-A model and the simplified PDF model. The E-A model cannot reasonably simulate the finite-rate kinetics, while the simplified PDF model, using a product of two single-variable PDF's instead of a joint PDF, remarkably under-predicts the NO reaction rate. The USM model gives the best agreement with the experimental results. Predictions show that as the swirl number increases the total NO formation at first decreases and then increases, which is in agreement with the experimental results. 相似文献
26.
During the preparation of alumina as a catalyst support from aluminium nitrates by precipitation with a NH4OH base, NO
2
⋅
radicals have been formed in the catalyst after calcination under air in the solid at different temperatures. These radicals
remained stable until a calcination temperature of 800°C. When the calcined catalyst was degassed under vacuum above 300 °C,
the NO
2
⋅
was reduced to give NO⋅ and O- species which were both tightly trapped in the solid. These latter species remained stable until vacuum treatment at 800
°C.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
27.
High surface area Mn-based porous oxides (MANPO) containing additives like Ce, Sr and La were found to be very active and selective materials under 0.67% CH4/0.2% NO/5% O2 lean-deNO
x
conditions in the 200–300°C low-temperature range. These materials perform also impressively in the presence of 4% H2O in the feed stream, where a N2 selectivity of 98% and an excellent stability over 24 h on stream have been observed. The MANPO materials can be considered serious competitors of noble metals for low-temperature lean-deNO
x
applications. 相似文献
28.
Masaru Takahashi Tetsu Nakatani Shinji Iwamoto Tsunenori Watanabe Masashi Inoue 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2007,70(1-4):73-79
The solvothermal reaction of mixtures of aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) and gallium acetylacetonate (Ga(acac)3) directly yielded the mixed oxides of γ-Ga2O3-Al2O3. In the solvothermal synthesis, the crystal structure of mixed oxides was controlled by the initial formation of γ-Ga2O3 nuclei. The mixed oxides prepared in diethylenetriamine have extremely high activities for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with methane as a reducing agent. With increasing crystallite size of the spinel structure, the catalytic activity increased. The ratio of the amount of methane consumed by combustion to total methane conversion was proportional to the density of acid sites on the surface of the mixed oxides. The mixed oxide catalysts prepared in diethylenetriamine had lower densities of acid sites and showed a higher methane-efficiency for CH4-SCR than those prepared in other solvents. These catalysts maintained their high activity even when the reaction was carried out under the severe conditions (i.e., high space velocity and low NO concentration). 相似文献
29.
Pt-V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts supported on SiC filter for NO reduction at low temperature 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joo-Hong Choi Jin-Hyun Kim Young-Cheoul Bak Rose Amal Jason Scott 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2005,22(6):844-851
The catalytic filter, V2O5-WO3-TiO2 supported on a ceramic filter, is known as a promising material for treating particulates and NO
x
simultaneously at optimum temperatures around 320°C. In order to improve its catalytic activity at low temperatures, the
effect of Pt addition on the catalytic filter has been investigated. Catalytic filters, Pt-V2O5-WO3-TiO2/SiC, were prepared by co-impregnation of Pt, V, and W precursors on TiO2 coated-SiC filter by vacuum aided-dip coating. The Pt-added catalytic filter shifted the optimum working temperature from
280–330°C (for the non Pt-impregnated filter) to 180–230°C, providing N
x
slip concentration less than 20 ppm for the treatment of 700 ppm NO at a face velocity of 2 cm/s with the same value over
the non Pt-added catalytic filters. The promotional effect following the addition of Pt is believed to result from electrical
modification of the catalyst maintaining a high electron transfer state. Ammonia oxidation was also observed to be dominant
above the optimal temperature for SCR. 相似文献
30.
A.L. Kustov T.W. Hansen M. Kustova C.H. Christensen 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2007,76(3-4):311-319
Mesoporous and conventional Fe-containing ZSM-5 and ZSM-12 catalysts (0.5–8 wt% Fe) were prepared using a simple impregnation method and tested in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. It was found that for both Fe/HZSM-5 and Fe/HZSM-12 catalysts with similar Fe contents, the activity of the mesoporous samples in NO SCR with NH3 is significantly higher than for conventional samples. Such a difference in the activity is probably related with the better diffusion of reactants and products in the mesopores and better dispersion of the iron particles in the mesoporous zeolite as was confirmed by SEM analysis. Moreover, the maximum activity for the mesoporous zeolites is found at higher Fe concentrations than for the conventional zeolites. This also illustrates that the mesoporous zeolites allow a better dispersion of the metal component than the conventional zeolites. Finally, the influence of different pretreatment conditions on the catalytic activity was studied and interestingly, it was found that it is possible to increase the SCR performance significantly by preactivation of the catalysts in a 1% NH3/N2 mixture at 500 °C for 5 h. After preactivation, the activity of mesoporous 6 wt% Fe/HZSM-5 and 6 wt% Fe/HZSM-12 catalyst is comparable with that of traditional 3 wt% V2O5/TiO2 catalyst used as a reference at temperatures below 400 °C and even more active at higher temperatures. 相似文献