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31.
The lattice of an oxide catalyst used for oxidation reactions can act as a reservoir for oxygen, storing and releasing it for reactions at the catalyst surface under appropriate conditions. The implication of this oxygen storage property of an oxide catalyst on its dynamic response characteristics has been investigated through an experimental study of 2-butene oxidation over vanadium oxide as a model reaction. Isothermal reaction rate measurements in a differential reactor and nonisothermal studies in a single pellet reactor have been carried out. Following a step increase in the feed butene concentration, isothermal reaction rate overshoot and pellet temperature overshoot were observed. These observations could be modelled in a qualitatively correct way by a very simple model accounting for the participation of lattice oxygen in the catalytic reactions under dynamic conditions. It is demonstrated through model simulations that the ignition characteristics of a catalyst pellet are significantly affected by the participation of the lattice oxygen, when steady state multiplicity is present. 相似文献
32.
A metal ions (Ag, Bi, V, Mo) modified sol–gel method was used to prepare a mesoporous Ag0.01Bi0.85V0.54Mo0.45O4 catalytic membrane which was used in the selective oxidation of propane to acrolein. By optimizing the preparation parameters, a thin and perfect catalytically active membrane was successfully prepared. SEM results showed that the membrane thickness is 5 μm. XRD results revealed that Ag0.01Bi0.85V0.54Mo0.45O4 with a Scheelite structure, which is catalytically active for the selective oxidation of propane to acrolein, was formed in the catalytic membrane only when AgBiVMoO concentrations were higher than 40%. Catalytic reaction results demonstrated that the selective oxidation of propane could be controlled to a certain degree, such as to acrolein, in the catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) compared to the fixed bed reactor (FBR). For example, a selectivity of 54.85% for acrolein in the liquid phase was obtained in the CMR, while only 8.31% was achieved in the FBR. 相似文献
33.
S. Royer C. Ayrault C. Carnevillier F. Epron P. Marcot D. Duprez 《Catalysis Today》2006,117(4):543-548
Oxidation activity and stability under reaction was investigated for a series of mixed oxide catalysts, doped or not by a precious metal (Pd, Pt). The reaction feedstock, containing CO, H2, CH4, CO2 and H2O, simulated gases issued from H2 production processes for fuel cells. Contrarily to conventional noble metal catalysts, mixed oxide samples present generally good stability under reaction at high temperature. The activities measured for the perovskite and hexaaluminate catalysts, are however largely lower than that of the reference Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. High activities were obtained after impregnation of 1.1 wt.% Pd or 0.8 wt.% Pt on the hexaaluminates samples. Even if Pd/Al2O3 was found to present a high activity, this sample suffered from drastic deactivation at 700 °C. Better stability were obtained on perovskite. Furthermore, doping hexaaluminate by Pt led to samples with good activities and high stability. Even if better activities were obtained by doping the hexaaluminate samples by Pd, the Pd/BaAl12O19 strongly deactivated, as it was previously observed for the reference catalyst. Interestingly, this Pd deactivation was not observed when Pd was impregnated on the Mn substituted hexaaluminate, leading to a stable and active catalyst. This suggests that it is possible to stabilize the palladium in its oxidized form at high temperature (700 °C) on the surface of some supports. 相似文献
34.
35.
Baoqing Deng Shanshan Kong Chang Nyung Kim 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2007,24(4):577-582
In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to describe the photocatalytic degradation of VOCs in a packed bed reactor.
Here, the adsorption of VOCs on the wall of the reactor is taken into account and the diffusion of VOCs in the axial direction
is neglected. First-order kinetics is used to describe the photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs. The analytical solution of the
present model is obtained by traveling wave method. The solution shows that the reactor performance is totally dependent on
the inlet concentration of VOCs when the time is large enough. The present model is validated through the experimental result
of the photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene in a packed bed and the predicted results accord well with the experimental
data. The influence of flow rate and inlet concentration on the performance of the reactor is discussed in detail. High flow
rate offers high reaction rate and low conversion efficiency. The different inlet conditions and different reaction patterns
are also investigated. The model would be useful to estimate the rate constant and help to the design of the reactor. 相似文献
36.
The present study investigates the decomposition of N-Methyl-2-Pyrolidone (NMP) using conventional ozonation (O3), ozonation in the presence of UV light (UV/O3), hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2), and UV/H2O2 processes under various experimental conditions. The influence of solution pH, ozone gas flow dosage, and H2O2 dosage on the degradation of NMP was studied. All ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were efficient in alkaline medium, whereas the UV/H2O2 process was efficient in acidic medium. Increasing ozone gas flow dosage would accelerate the degradation of NMP up to certain level beyond which no positive effect was observed in ozonation as well as UV light enhanced ozonation processes. Hydrogen peroxide dosage strongly influenced the degradation of NMP and a hydrogen peroxide dosage of 0.75 g/L and 0.5 g/L was found to be the optimum dosage in UV/H2O2 and O3/H2O2 processes, respectively. The UV/O3 process was most efficient in TOC removal. Overall it can be concluded that ozonation and ozone-based AOPs are promising processes for an efficient removal of NMP in wastewater. 相似文献
37.
Advanced oxidation processes are defined as those which involve the generation of hydroxyl radicals in sufficient quantity to affect water purification. The theoretical and (practical yield of OH from O3 at high pH, 03/H202, O3/UV and H2O2/UV systems is reviewed. New data is presented which illustrates the importance of direct photolysis in the O3/UV process, the effect of the H202:03 ratio in the O3/H2O2 process, and the impact of the low extinction coefficient of H2O2 in the H202/UV process. 相似文献
38.
Five different types of three-phase reactors are compared with each other by using oxidation of sulfur dioxide on activated carbon. The kinetic measurements were carried out by changing concentrations of sulfur dioxide from 0.04 to 0.17% (volume) and those of oxygen from 2 to 21%. The reaction rate was 0.2 order with respect to sulfur dioxide and 0.5 order with respect to oxygen. The catalytic effectiveness factor and intraparticle diffusivity were evaluated by changing particle sizes of activated carbon from 0.03 to 1.6 mm. Resistances of gas-liquid, liquid-solid mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion were estimated for individual reactors. The optimum reactor was dependent on operating conditions such as gas flow rates, rotating speeds and particle sizes. 相似文献
39.
40.
Carbon nanotube supported ruthenium catalysts for the treatment of high strength wastewater with aniline using wet air oxidation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) can be efficiently used as support of ruthenium catalysts for the catalytic wet air oxidation of high strength wastewater containing aniline. Catalysts were prepared using different ruthenium precursors, Ruthenocene [Ru(η5-C5H5)2], Ruthenium (1,5-cyclooctadiene, 1,3,5-cyclooctatriene) [Ru(cod)(cot)] and Ruthenium trichloride (RuCl3 · xH2O), different impregnation methods (excess solution and incipient wetness impregnation) and different MWCNT support surface chemistry (nitric acid oxidized MWCNT-COOH and Na2CO3 ion exchanged MWCNT-COONa). The efficiency of the aniline removal obtained with the catalysts prepared with different precursors decreases in the order [Ru(cod)(cot)] > RuCl3 · xH2O > [Ru(η5-C5H5)2], 100% aniline conversion being obtained after 45 min of reaction with the catalyst prepared with [Ru(cod)(cot)]. The influence of the impregnation technique was found to be negligible, while the use of the MWCNT-COONa support led to increased catalyst performances when compared to that obtained with catalysts prepared with the MWCNT-COOH support. Leaching of ruthenium was observed in all cases, but the use of the precursor [Ru(cod)(cot)] and of the support MWCNT-COONa in the preparation of the catalysts seems to improve their stability. A direct relationship between metal load and catalyst stability was found and attributed to the strength of metal-support interactions. 相似文献