模拟量输入计算机的研究与实现

该文经过研究和大量的试验利用三极管的非工作区实现了特模拟量直接输入计算机的信息传输方法。该方法将传感器所采集的信息无需进行模数转换,即可直接将模拟量输入到计算机中。该研究的实现不仅降低了信息传输的成本,而且还实现了远距离传输产提高了信息传输速度。它在工控等领域具有广泛的用途。     

一个新的MOS模拟单元电路版图的STACK生成方法

提出了一种新的MOS模拟单元电路的STACK版图自动生成方法。该方法将电路网表映射为扩散图,基于扩散图进行电路划分、模板匹配和对称查找。提出的对称查找算法适用于非全对称电路的最大匹配对称结构查找。文中改进了Atallah欧拉路径生成算法,通过增加哑元条保证欧拉路 径的生成。对生成的STACK,采用分布式寄生电容模型计算各个节点的寄生电容,并计算STACK的面积和形状,以确保其能够满足设计要求。     

一种模拟集成电路布线中的contact,via定位算法

模拟电路布线通常采用无网格的布线模式,这就存在如何在整个布线平面中确定连线间的contact和via的位置的问题,文中提出了一种在任意曼哈顿多边形中求最大内接矩形的算法,该算法通过准确,快速地搜索出放置contact和via的空间,以提高整个布线的效果并降低布线过程在时间上的消耗。     

卫星控制系统仿真技术

该文介绍了恒星数学仿真、半物理仿真和全物理仿真试验的功能、任务及有关技术设备 ,之后,介绍近期完成的某型号地球观察卫星半物理仿真试验。     

Occupational health problems and injuries among Quebec's physical educators

The purpose of this study was to describe the traumatology of teaching physical education (PE) and to document the causes and mechanisms of injuries in this occupation. Our sample was composed of 314 physical educators (PEs) teaching at three school levels (primary school, secondary school and college) who responded to a questionnaire survey. The results showed a 0.55 rate of recent lesion per teacher per year (0.65 for women and 0.51 for men). A total of 37.6% of subjects were affected by a lesion during the last year at work. Subjects with a higher weekly frequency of leisure physical activities or endurance activities (five times and more) were less affected by chronic lesions as well as those who frequently practiced aerobic physical activities. Prevalence of chronic injuries was higher in older teachers. Our results confirm that the rate of lesions in this group of workers is high, and that school level and respondent age may influence the rate of lesion and the characteristics of risk factors. In particular, the effect of ageing and teaching specialization on the incidence of occupational problems in PEs warrants further research. Given the relatively high rate of injuries among PE teachers, we suggest that it is necessary to further explore preventive strategies to reduce occupational risk in these workers. In particular, prophylactic physical activity outside of work may represent such a strategy since PEs more active outside their work have lower chronic injury prevalence. PEs gave long periods of standing the highest rating for movements or positions most likely to cause them occupational injuries. It can thus be suggested to find ways to reduce standing position sustained for long periods.     

Bridging the physical and virtual worlds by local connectivity-based physical selection

The prevalent visions of ambient intelligence emphasise natural interaction between user and functions and services embedded in the environment or available through mobile devices. In these scenarios the physical and virtual worlds seamlessly gear into each other, making crossing the border between these worlds natural or even invisible to the user. The bottleneck in reaching these scenarios appear in the natural mapping between the physical objects and their virtual counterparts. The emergence of local connectivity in mobile devices opens possibilities for implementing novel user interface paradigms to enhance this mapping. We present physical selection paradigm for implementing an intuitive human technology interaction for mobile devices. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the paradigm we implemented two experimental set-ups using commercially available smart phones with IrDA connectivity. The experiments involved selecting a website by physically pointing at its symbol and making a phone call by pointing at an icon representing the person to be called. In tentative user experiments the physical selection method was more time-efficient and it was perceived more positively by the users than a conventional method.

一种低压工作的开关电流Σ-Δ调制器

基于全差分开关电流存储单元,设计了一种二阶开关电流Σ-Δ调制器。采用标准0.18μm数字CMOS工艺,在spectre仿真器下进行优化仿真。实验表明,调制器在1.8 V工作电压、5 MHz采样频率、125倍过采样率下,输出波形与Matlab下的行为仿真波形接近,具备调制功能并达到12 bit分辨率。与类似研究相比,本设计在相当的分辨率条件下,实现了低电压工作。     

Individual differences,exercise and leisure activity in predicting affective well-being in young adults

This study focuses on the prevalence of exercise and health-related leisure activities (smoking, drinking), across groups of subjects, defined by personality and gender, in relation to subjective well-being. Results from a cross-sectional survey of 187 participants are reported. Males (n = 80) reported more drinking (p < 0.001) and smoking (p < 0.001) than females, though they also reported higher habitual physical activity levels (p < 0.001). Females (n = 107) reported more frequent use of social support coping (p < 0.01). There was a positive association between extraversion and self-reported habitual physical activity as well as alcohol consumption (even when controlling for gender). Neuroticism was not related to any of the exercise and leisure activity variables. Multiple regression analyses predicted 34% of variance for the depression-enthusiasm and 39% of the variance for the anxiety-contentment measures of affective well-being. Neuroticism (p < 0.001) and avoidance coping (p < 0.05) were the only significant predictors of both anxiety-contentment and depression-enthusiasm. It is concluded that the influence of individual differences such as personality and gender on coping behaviour and well-being is consistent with social learning theory research. Limitations of cross-sectional research designs necessitate caution with inferring causal paths. Recommendations for future research are presented concerning the use and value of repeated measures designs within research into exercise and well-being.     

An assessment of neck and upper extremity disorders by questionnaire and clinical examination

Abstract

To study the usefulness of a screening questionnaire for neck/upper extremity complaints, 165 women in either repetitive industrial, or mobile and varied work, were studied by the questionnaire and by a detailed clinical physical examination. A total of 94 subjects recorded complaintsin the questionnaire. In 140 subjects findingswere recorded at the examination. Most subjects with findings at the clinical examination of shoulders reported complaints in the questionnaire (sensitivity 80%). For the other anatomical regions, the sensitivity was rather low (42– 65%). For all regions, most subjects without findings reported no complaints (specificity 77–97%). A total of 75 subjects were given clinical diagnoses according to a set of predetermined diagnostic criteria. The capacity of the questionnaire to identify diagnoses of shoulders was higher (sensitivity 92%) than for the other regions (66–79%). Of subjects who did not qualify for diagnosis, a majority (specificity 71–81%) did not report complaints in the questionnaire. We conclude that the questionnaire approach gives a fairly good picture of the neck/upper extremity status of a working female population. However, a clear view of the size of a problem is obtained only by a detailed clinical examination, particularly as regards the neck, elbows and hands, for which the questionnaire gave an underestimate.     

Activity-rest schedules in physically demanding work and the variation of responses with age

Workers in physically demanding occupations require work breaks to recover from exertion. In a laboratory setting, we investigated the impact of ergometer cycling for 7 h in two conditions with an identical total break time but with two different activity-rest schedules. We hypothesised that more frequent but shorter breaks lead to less psychophysical strain and its effects than do less frequent but longer breaks, particularly for older workers. Twenty-nine participants representing three different age groups were tested in both conditions. Heart rate, perceived exertion/tension and feelings of fatigue were assessed and used as dependent variables. Results indicate no general activity-rest differences as well as no age-related differences of break effects under the condition of subjectively equal straining load. However, heart rate was found to be lower at some measurement points in the frequent-short-break condition and perceived exertion was lower in the infrequent-long-break condition. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Design of activity-rest schedules in physically demanding occupations is a key issue in the prevention of strain and hence of interest to ergonomists. Our study suggests that breaks during physically demanding work have the same effect if they are frequent and short or infrequent and long, regardless of age.