基于灰关联分析方法

针对一致关联度算法不具有普遍性和动态改变惯性权的自适应粒子群算法(DCW)不易跳出局部收敛能力的缺陷,本文提出了完全关联度算法和自适应变异的动态粒子群优化算法。完全关联度算法主要用来选择软测量的辅助变量。在改进的粒子群优化算法中,除了采用动态惯性权重外,还引入了自适应学习因子和新的变异算子。为了构造一种性能较好的神经网络,采用改进的粒子群优化算法来优化神经网络所有的权值参数,并将提出的软测量建模方法预测延迟焦化的汽油干点,实验结果表明,与DCW算法优化神经网络(DCWNN)的建模方法相比,该算法不仅具有较好的泛化性能,而且具有较高的精度和良好的应用前景。     

汽油发电机转速前馈-反馈控制系统

汽油机的转速稳定性是影响汽油发电机电气性能指标的一个重要因素,本文在分析其工作原理的基础上提出了一种电流前馈、转速负反馈式的系统结构,并且把反馈控制器设计为模糊控制、PID控制和保持模态相结合的多模态控制器.利用MATLAB工具进行的仿真和实际配机试验结果都表明,采用此算法后该转速控制系统的稳态性能和动态切换性能都比采用常规PID控制时有明显改善,证实了所提方法的有效性.     

发动机部件强度和刚度评价及疲劳分析

某汽油机开发阶段须对发动机各主要部件结构强度和刚度做全面评价,并且须考核缸盖缸体的高周疲劳性能.基于STAR-CCM+计算出水套内部气体温度和对流换热系数,将其映射到水套有限元网格表面上作为温度边界条件.得到整个机体的温度场分布以后,在考虑各部件接触非线性的基础上,得到机体各部件的应力和变形等结果并进行评价.在有限元分析结果的基础上考虑材料温度非线性,考察缸体缸盖疲劳安全因数.结果表明,缸盖局部应力偏大,下缸体与油底壳接触面局部间隙过大,缸体缸盖疲劳安全性能满足要求.     

汽油辛烷值NIR数据处理与建模仿真

随着当今计算机与各类程序软件的开发使用,化学计量学不断发展,人们可以在近红外光谱区内采集大量的数据,并使用各种有效的统计方法,把近红外光谱技术应用于定性与定量.近红外光谱为分子振动光谱的倍频和组合频谱带,主要是对含氢基团的吸收,包含有绝大多数类型有机物的组成与分子结构的丰富信息.原理是基于不同的基团或同一基团在不同化学...     

Potassium catalysis in the pyrolysis behaviour of short rotation willow coppice

Short rotation willow coppice (SRC) and a synthetic biomass, a mixture of the basic biomass components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), have been investigated for the influence of potassium on their pyrolysis behaviours. The willow sample was pre-treated to remove salts and metals by hydrochloric acid, and this demineralised sample was impregnated with potassium. The same type of pre-treatment was applied to components of the synthetic biomass. Characterisation was performed using thermogravimetric analysis with measurement of products by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PY-GC-MS). A comparison of product distributions and kinetics are reported. While the general features of decomposition of SRC are described well by an additive behaviour of the individual components, there are some differences in the magnitude of the influence of potassium, and on the products produced. For both SRC and the synthetic biomass, TGA traces indicate catalytic promotion of both of the two-stages of biomass decomposition, and potassium can lower the average apparent first-order activation energy for pyrolysis by up to 50 kJ/mol. For both SRC and synthetic biomass the yields and distribution of pyrolysis products have been influenced by the presence of the catalyst. Potassium catalysed pyrolysis increases the char yields markedly and this is more pronounced for synthetic biomass than SRC. Gas evolution profiles during pyrolysis show the same general features for both SRC and synthetic biomass. Relative methane yields increase during the char formation stage of pyrolysis of the potassium doped samples. The evolution profiles of acetic acid and formaldehyde change, and these products are seen in lower relative amounts for both the demineralised samples. A greater variation in pyrolysis products is observed from the treated SRC samples compared to the different synthetic biomass samples. Furthermore, substituted phenols from lignin pyrolysis are more dominant in the pyrolysis profiles of the synthetic biomass than of the SRC, implying that the extracted lignins used in the synthetic biomass yield a greater fraction of monomeric type species than the lignocellulosic cell wall material of SRC. For both types of samples, PY-GS-MS analyses show that potassium has a significant influence on cellulose decomposition markers, not just on the formation of levoglucosan, but also other species from the non-catalysed mechanism, such as 3,4-dihydroxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione.     

改善混氢汽油机怠速经济性的试验研究

为提高汽油机怠速时的经济性,在一台加装了电控氢气喷射系统的四缸汽油机上针对进气混氢体积分数、停缸、稀燃及降低怠速转速对汽油机怠速燃料能量消耗量的影响进行试验研究.试验中,通过停止发动机指定气缸的燃料供给实现停缸运行.结果表明,加大进气混氢体积分数、停缸及降低怠速转速均可有效提高汽油机怠速时的经济性.其中进气混氢结合停缸的方式最利于减少汽油机怠速时的燃料能量消耗量.在2缸停止燃烧、做功且进气混氢体积分数为6.63%的条件下,发动机怠速能量消耗量较原机降低约40.07%.但由于加大混合气过量空气系数后缸内燃料燃烧持续期延长,因此在怠速阶段采用稀燃方式并不能明显降低混氢汽油机的怠速燃料能量消耗量。     

Pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of lignite and plastic

The study firstly discusses the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and then investigates the pyrolysis of lignite and co-pyrolysis with plastic (polyethylene or polypropylene) in tube furnace. Meanwhile, the research focuses on the co-pyrolysis products under different mixing ratios as well as pyrolysis products at different testing temperatures and heating rates. The results show that higher final testing temperature and lower heating rate contribute to bond fission in lignite pyrolysis, resulting in less char product. In co-pyrolysis, lignite acts as hydrogen donor, and the yields of char and water rise with increasing amount of plastic in the mixture, while the yields of gas and tar decrease; and a little admixture of plastic will promote the production of gas and tar. Kinetic studies indicate that in temperature range of 530–600 °C, activation energies of lignite are higher than those of lignite/plastic blends, and as plastic mass ratio increases from 0% to 10%, samples need less energy to be decomposed during co-pyrolysis.     

顺序输送粘度差对混油量影响分析

针对两种不同粘度的后行柴油分别与同一种前行汽油顺序输送时存在的混油问题,借助CFD模拟仿真软件,建立了三维流动传质耦合模型。模拟计算结果表明,前行油品与后行油品的粘度差对顺序输送时的沿程混油量有显著影响。由横向混油截面的变化情况来看,混油初期后行柴油以弓形前锋曲面嵌入到前行油品中,运行30s其前锋曲面逐渐变尖且以锥形曲面向前行油品逐渐延伸;从纵向混油截面的变化情况来看,截面柴油以楔形前锋曲面从管道下部嵌入前行油品中;管道侧面、顶面和底面边界层区域的混油量均随粘度差的增大而减小,且底面边界层区域的混油量最大。     

汽油烃类烷基化分子筛催化剂研究FCC-C4

采用机械混捏法制备了Al2O3-分子筛烷基化催化剂,对催化剂进行了NH3-TPD、XRD、吡啶吸附红外光谱等表征.以正己烯、正庚烷与混合C4烃类的混合物为模拟原料,在连续高压固定床微反装置上评价了催化剂的活性,考察了Al2O3-Hβ分子筛催化剂的配比,及催化剂的磷(P)、Mg、柠檬酸(CA)改性对其烷基化性能的影响.结果表明:质量比为3∶7左右的Al2O3-Hβ为较适宜的烷基化催化剂;柠檬酸改性显著改善了催化剂的稳定性,而P、Mg改性则未能改善催化剂的稳定性.     

Citect组态软件在FCC汽油醚化评价系统中的应用

FCC汽油醚化评价系统是评价醚化反应过程催化剂的催化性能、筛选催化剂。结合项目开发实际,介绍了Citect工控组态软件的组成及特点,并对其在FCC汽油醚化评价装置控制系统中的应用进行了说明,包括组态、系统构成及主要的控制功能等。