一种新柱式

文章介绍了在计算机的帮助下产生的一种全新的柱式。它基于一种基本的折叠手法,其结果所呈现的极其丰富的细节超越了传统cAD工具能够绘制的极限,也超越了肉眼所能观察的极限。这些出乎意料的形式与极其微小的细节来自计算机程序的反复迭代,它们超出了建筑师的经验、教育和历史认知,无论从手法还是结果来看,都是一种彻底的创新。文章还指出,建造如此复杂的细节需要现代化的数字加工技术与独特的加工技巧。     

Linear friction welding of Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr alloy with dissimilar microstructure

Dissimilar linear friction welding of Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr with bimodal and lamellar microstructures was produced. The microstructure evolution of the joint was investigated via OM, SEM, XRD, TEM and microhardness analysis. The temperature field of joint was calculated by a numerical model. The typical microstructures of weld center were recrystallized β grains with some acicular α′′ martensites. In the case of thermo-mechanically affected zone, some partial re-crystallization grains formed in severely deformed microstructures, where a mass of dislocations were observed. However, dislocations were rarely found in the recrystallized β grains of weld center, the temperature field of weld joints calculated was consistent with the microstructural evolution.     

On the formation mechanisms of fine granular area (FGA) on the fracture surface for high strength steels in the VHCF regime

The fine granular area (FGA) plays a crucial role in the VHCF regime. However, so far, the uniform understanding or conclusion about the formation mechanism of FGA has not been drawn. In view of the significance of FGA, the current studies on FGA, i.e., the FGA size, the stress intensity factor range at the periphery of FGA, the crack initiation and growth process in FGA, and the formation mechanisms of FGA, are reviewed in the present paper. The role of internal hydrogen in the VHCF regime is further discussed. In the end, two important definite conclusions are drawn based on the present investigations.     

四川盆地震旦系灯影组丘滩体发育分布及对储层的控制

四川盆地震旦系灯影组储层主要发育于微生物丘滩体中，但不同成因类型丘滩体对储层的影响尚不明确。通过钻井岩心和野外露头观测、岩石薄片分析和物性测试等手段，将丘滩体划分为丘基、丘核、丘翼和丘坪4种微相，并根据微相的组合划分出台缘并进型丘滩体、台缘追补型丘滩体和台内饥饿型丘滩体3种丘滩体类型。台缘并进型丘滩体的生长速率快，与可容空间的增加速率相同步，其微相组合以"丘基+丘核"垂向加积为主，在海平面升降过程中易暴露于大气淡水环境，造成海水胶结作用弱、淡水溶蚀作用强，形成以格架溶蚀孔洞为主的储集空间，储层物性好，储集性能最优。台缘追补型丘滩体的生长速率次之，其早期的生长速率滞后于可容空间增长速率但后期逐渐同步，呈现出"丘基+丘核+丘翼/丘坪"侧向加积的微相组合；由于暴露于大气淡水环境的几率减小，其海水胶结作用强，淡水溶蚀作用减弱，储集性能稍差。台内饥饿型丘滩体的生长速率最慢，严重滞后于可容空间的增长速率，呈"云坪（丘基）+丘核+丘坪"微相组合，难以暴露于大气淡水环境，淡水溶蚀作用最弱，储集性能也最差。台缘带古地貌对丘滩体的生长速率影响较大，可控制丘滩体的沉积样式。陡坡台缘带有利于台缘并进型丘滩体发育，缓坡台缘带主要发育台缘追补型丘滩体，台内高地中发育台内饥饿型丘滩体。胡家坝-阆中-安岳地区一带的震旦系灯影组四段发育于典型的陡坡台缘带，是储层发育的最有利相带。     

Liquid marbles,formation and locomotion using external fields and forces

Liquid marbles may be traditionally formed by rolling a droplet on a bed of non-wetting particles resulting in encapsulation and stabilisation. Particles used in this process may range from nanometre to millimetre if handled with sufficient care. This method, however, runs the risk of droplet coalescence and is limited to non-wetting particles. Currently there exist some alternative methods of formulation including using electrostatics to either deliver a particle bed to the droplet or pull the droplet to the particles. The former has shown some promise in potential batch processes but is hindered by interparticle forces. Additional production methods include a form of blender, but this has shown to be unable to produce marbles of a narrow size distribution. Once formed, liquid marbles have demonstrated value as potential blood typing devices, as micro-reaction vessels due to the inherent barrier between the internal phase and the substrate whilst maintaining gas permeability, and as contaminant sensors. Liquid marbles also demonstrate a remarkable level of elasticity under compressive force and reduced evaporation rates when compared to bare water droplets, a function of the size and composition of the stabilising particles. In addition to this, liquid marbles have been proposed as actuators. Locomotion may easily be induced in these structures, using electrostatics, sound, magnetism or light depending on the particle/liquid combinations used in formation, and the environment of deployment. This review seeks to present and summarise recent advances in the field of liquid marble manufacture and methods for actuation. We also aim to highlight potential future avenues of further study within this arena.     

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷沙河子组储层特征及控制因素

徐家围子断陷沙河子组是松辽盆地北部近期天然气勘探的主要目标，这类致密砂砾岩气层的储层特征及控制因素研究是首要的。通过分析其白垩系早期拉张构造背景条件下形成的一套断陷沉积，纵向上可划分为4个三级层序，各层序在断陷湖盆陡坡带和缓坡带发育扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲沉积。研究表明其储层主要为砂砾岩和含砾粗砂岩等粗碎屑岩。沙河子组储层孔隙包括原生粒间孔和次生孔隙，孔隙度主要分布在2%~8%，渗透率多小于0.1×10^-3 μm²，为致密储层。沙河子组储层发育的控制因素包括埋深、沉积相带、岩石类型和次生成岩作用，埋藏浅的扇三角洲（辫状河三角洲）前缘、平原相砂砾岩储层物性好，含火山碎屑物质的砂岩、砂砾岩易于形成溶蚀孔隙，改善储集性能。徐家围子断陷沙河子组有利储层主要位于埋深小于4 000 m的安达东、西两侧的扇三角洲前缘、平原区和徐东、徐西的构造高部位扇体发育区，埋藏较浅的安达中部滨浅湖相和埋藏较深的徐东、徐西斜坡扇体发育区也是较有利的储层发育区。