A novel contour design technique of super/hypersonic nozzle diverging section with sharing throat

A straightforward technique has been developed to quickly determine the wall contour of super/hypersonic nozzles working at multiply Mach number which share a common throat section.Mach number distribution along the centerline of the nozzle is specified in advance and divided into two sections,both of which are described by the b-spline function.The first section is shared by different exit Mach number nozzles.The nozzle contour is determined by the method of characteristics plus boundary layer correction.An example of this design method is employed to illustrate the technique with a computational fluid dynamics calculation.The simulation results indicate that desired Mach numbers are obtained at the nozzle exit,and the good flow quality is attained for different nozzles within δMa/Ma±0.56% in the flow core region.This technique improves the design precision of the converging-diverging nozzle,cancels waves completely,and achieves nozzles with multiple Mach number exiting which share a common throat section.     

顶管施工引起地表塌陷及关键技术分析

长距离大断面顶管施工不可避免的引起土体扰动和土层损失,导致土体塌陷和地表拉裂等现象.以某长距离超大断面顶管工程为工程研究背景,对顶管施工引起土体变形的机理展开了分析,对顶进施工过程中土体产生塌陷、地表出现张拉裂缝的原因进行了阐释,探讨了地表变位对周边建筑（构筑）物的影响,以及分析了该工程中运用的进出洞、中继器、触变泥浆减阻、加强现场监测、以及其他应急措施这5种关键控制技术,得到了一些保证工程施工安全的有益的经验.     

我国城镇住宅节地措施研究简

在城镇化的发展过程当中,城市土地价值越来越高,如何通过研究住宅的发展来节约土地资源变得尤为重要.笔者通过对城镇住宅节地措施的研究,分析发展节地住宅环境,希望能对我国节约城镇土地有所帮助.     

基于宏观断面的内饰B面设计

在汽车造型设计中,确保设计师的造型思想能够在工程上得以实现,始终是贯穿在造型设计中的一条主线。本文重点阐述了在B面设计阶段,如何基于宏观断面输入,使得最终发布的B面数据既符合造型要求,又满足各种工程约束的方法及流程。     

Investigation of thickness and wax content of wax deposits in polyethylene pipe using a flow loop

In this study, the thickness and wax content of wax deposits were found to be thinner and lower in the polyethylene (PE) pipe than in the stainless steel (SS) pipe using a flow loop apparatus. The diffusivity of wax, radial thermal gradient, and wax precipitation rate in the PE and SS pipes were calculated and compared. It was found the diffusivity of wax in the PE pipe was higher and tended to enhance the wax deposition in the PE pipe, while the radial thermal gradient and wax precipitation rate were lower in the PE pipe and had the opposite effects. These factors are shown to be comparable with each other and the effect of the thermal gradient dominates the mass flux of wax from bulk to the oil-deposit interface and into the deposits finally, thus causing differences in thickness and wax content of deposits between the PE and SS pipes.     

影响薄壁球墨铸铁白口倾向和球墨数量的因素分析

研究了不同的冷却速度、稀土加入量、碳量、硅量、Si／C、Mn／S及孕育处理等工艺时薄壁球墨铸铁球墨数量和白口深度的影响。结果表明，随着冷却速率增加，薄壁球墨铸铁石墨小球越多，但容易产生白口。冷速较大时，加入稀土元素进行孕育和控制碳当量，可以有效的消除薄壁球墨铸铁的白口现象，当Si／C大于0．80、Mn／S大于20时薄壁件白口倾向较小。     

大断面蠕铁缸盖缩松原因分析及防治

对于大断面柴油机气缸盖,通过采用顶置发热冒口,并配合使用冷铁,能最大发挥冒口作用。对于大型单体气缸盖,可采用平组立浇方式,增强顺序凝固作用,进一步缩小缩松风险。     

钇基重稀土镁复合球化剂在铸态高韧性厚壁球铁件上的应用

应用钇基重稀土镁复合球化剂，铸造厚大断面高韧性球铁冷却壁，成功地获得了铸件中心部位铸态高性能。超过了用户要求和美国ＡＣ公司的标准。铸件中心部位铸态延伸率≥１７％，接近了铸件外层或附铸试块的水平。     

现代化小型型钢轧机建设的若干问题

本文阐述了实现小型型钢轧机连续化的重要性和迫切性，并指出了在建设小型连轧机中应重视的若干技术问题。     

钇基重稀土镁球化剂的应用研究

研究了钇基重稀土镁球化剂的组成，试验了钇基重稀土镁复合球化剂对抗球化衰退、抗石墨球畸变的作用。工厂试验结果表明，钇基重稀土镁球化剂具有脱硫、球化、抗球化衰退、抗石墨畸变能力强，细化基体组织、白口倾向小及提高厚大断面球铁本体力学性能的作用。