Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12纳米棒的水热合成与Raman光谱研究

以Bi（NO3）3·5H2O，Nd（NO3）3·6H2O和Ti（OC4H9）4为原料，NaOH为矿化剂，聚乙烯醇-124（PVA-124）为模板剂，采用水热法在2OO℃经48h合成了铋层状钙钛矿结构Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12（BNdT）纳米棒。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM），选区电子衍射（SAED）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究产物的物相和显微结构特征．结果表明合成的BNdT纳米棒为单晶，直径约10～200nm，长度达数微米。Raman光谱分析表明，Nd离子取代了类钙钛矿层中A位的Bi。     

运用X射线荧光光谱法对石榴石分类鉴定

本文介绍了运用X射线荧光光谱法对石榴石的化学组成元素进行剖析（定性及半定量分析），通过化学组分的不同来对石榴石进行分类、鉴定。     

新型质子导电聚合物电解质的研制及性能研究

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为基质,掺杂P2O5保水剂,研制了一种新型质子P2O5/PVDF聚合物复合薄膜电解质.应用交流阻抗技术研究了P2O5/PVDF聚合物复合薄膜电解质的导电性.讨论了该聚合物复合薄膜电解质电导率随相对湿度、测量温度变化规律.应用红外光谱法研究了掺杂P2O5后电解质的结构变化.应用热分析仪研究了P2O5/PVDF聚合物复合薄膜电解质的热稳定性.结果表明,电解质膜在低于100 ℃具有稳定性,是一种在室温电导率较高的质子导电的室温聚合物电解质.     

A positively charged silver nanowire membrane for rapid on-site swabbing extraction and detection of trace inorganic explosives using a portable Raman spectrometer

The sensitive and on-site detection of inorganic explosives has raised serious concerns regarding public safety.However,high stability and non-volatility features currently limit their rapid on-site detection.Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is emerging as a powerful technique for the trace-level detection of different molecules.Plasmonic Ag nanowires were produced by a hydrothermal synthesis method using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a negatively charged stabilizer.Here,we report a rapid detection method for inorganic explosives based on a simple surface swab with a positively charged diethyldithiocarbamate-modified Ag nanowire membrane coupled with SERS.This membrane,serving as an excellent SERS substrate with high uniformity,stability,and reusability,can capture both typical oxidizers in inorganic explosives and organic nitro-explosives,via electrostatic interaction.The detection level of perchlorates (ClO4-),chlorates (ClO3-),nitrates (NO3-),picric acid,and 2,4-dinitrophenol is as high as 2.0,1.7,0.1,45.8,and 36.6 ng,respectively.In addition,simulated typical inorganic explosives such as black powders,firecrackers,and match heads could also be detected.We believe that this membrane represents an attractive alternative for rapid on-site detection of inorganic explosives with high efficiency.     

Corrosion Mechanism of Corrosion-Resistant Steel Developed for Bottom Plate of Cargo Oil Tanks

A new type of corrosion-resistant steel consisting of ferrite and bainite phases was developed for cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers. The corrosion rate of this new steel was 0.22 mm/a, which was equivalent to ca. 1/5 of the criterion ( ≤ 1 mm/a) for corrosion-resistant steels. The composition and element distribution of the corrosion products were investigated by micro-Raman spectrometry and energy dispersive spectrometer. The results demonstrated that the corrosion product was composed of α-FeOOH, Fe3O4 and a continuous Cu enrichment layer. This kind of corrosion product was protective to the steel matrix and accounted for the enhancement of the corrosion resistance of the new developed steel.     

基于Raman光谱表征的NaOH亚熔盐浸出铝电解废旧阴极固体产物中碳材料石墨化度研究

本文利用Raman光谱法检测NaOH亚熔盐浸出铝电解废阴极固体产物中碳材料，以此考察不同浸出条件对碳材料石墨化程度的影响。结果表明，浸出过程有助于提高废阴极中碳材料的石墨化程度。NaOH亚熔盐质量分数和温度对碳材料石墨化程度影响不显著，搅拌速率和浸出时间的增加可以有效提高碳材料石墨化程度，而随着搅拌时间延长，碳材料石墨化程度提高的速率逐渐放缓。     

聚碳酸酯的结晶性能

用红外光谱法、电镜和偏光显微镜法对美国ＧＥ公司一种双酚Ａ型聚碳酸酯（ＰＣ）结晶性能进行了研究。结果表明，室温下样品存在着微相结晶，该结晶对应的红外吸收谱带为１２８９，１３０８，１４６０ｃｍ－１。原位动态红外结果表明，该结晶谱带峰强随温度升高而减小，至熔融温度（～２４０℃）基本消失，降温又出现，且随温度降低而增大。不同条件下ＰＣ溶液结晶形态不同。     

采用X荧光光谱法测定钒渣中磷含量

介绍了Ｘ荧光光谱法测定钒渣中磷含量的方法。测定磷含的范围０．００７％～０．３９０％，标准偏差０．００００９％。本法具有快速、准确和经济的特点，适合生产现场大批量分析。     

NMR光谱法和缩微图像法研究NBR弹性体的老化特性

丁腈橡胶（NBR）是丁二烯和丙烯腈的共聚物（图1）。单体比例反映产品的特殊应用，可以在很大范围内变化。丙烯腈与丁二烯单体比高提高了聚合物的极性，因此，耐溶胀性好，但是，降低了聚合物的低温柔韧性。尽管NBR的宏观性能已经众所周知，但是，分子结构、分子动力学性能和物理性能之间的关系等所有重要的实际应用还需要进一步研究。化学交联的数量和种类与宏观性能有密切关系。由分子链缠结和化学交联引起的空间约束也强烈影响聚合物链的动力学性能。