现代电能质量的主要问题及其对策

阐述了电能质量的概念，分析了产生电能质量问题的原因及其分类。指出电压暂降是现代电能质量的主要问题。介绍了几种具有代表性的解决电压暂降问题的用户电力设备(如DVR，UPQC等)的工作原理和特性。     

电压暂降损失风险规避机制与保险方案研究

半导体、平板显示器生产厂家等敏感用户对电压暂降、短时电压中断等事件型电能质量扰动非常敏感,面临巨大损失风险,因此研究用户损失风险规避机制和解决方案是重要课题。首先,在对某高新技术园区内5家敏感用户经历的电压暂降、导致的损失及其原因进行调查统计;其次,分析与用户损失风险事件相关各方的权力、义务和利益诉求,提出由地方政府、电力部门、用户和第三方保险机构不同程度参与的双边参与和多方参与的风险规避机制;再次,研究用户损失风险事件的特点和可保性条件,根据可保性条件不满足程度,在多方参与机制下,设计一套保险方案,并对保险算法进行详细研究;最后,对5家敏感用户进行实证分析,结果证明,该文提出的风险规避机制和保险方案具有可行性和合理性。     

On power tracking and alleviation by a new controller for fulfilment of the damping and performance requisites for a variable speed wind system: An optimal approach

This paper addresses a new control strategy for a variable wind energy conversion system. The proposed controller aims to regulate the output power tightly in response to the desired value changes and alleviate power oscillations against the disturbances, including wind speed variation and fluctuation of the voltage magnitude, as voltage sag and swell. For the sake of straightforward analysis, an effective and reduced representation for the wind system is developed. In addition to the proper performance, the controller seeks to adequately fulfilment the damping requirements, as though both damping and performance requisites are taken into account control policy. Consequently, the proposed approach focuses on optimal tuning based upon a performance index incorporated into linear quadratic (LQ) cost function, which is subjected to the performance constraints. To validate the controller role, multiple simulation tests are carried out including set point tracking, disturbance rejection against wind speed, voltage sag and swell. Simulation results verify the proposed method features a satisfactory performance and sufficient damping, meeting both aspirations of the power regulation and disturbance suppression.     

西湖凹陷中央背斜带中北部花港组储层成岩相测井识别

基于测井资料对未取心井区域的成岩相进行人工智能识别成为必然的趋势。利用岩心铸体薄片与扫描电镜资料,划分西湖凹陷中央背斜带中北部花港组储层成岩相,总结了六种典型成岩相类型,各类成岩相所对应的测井响应差异明显。结果表明,测井系列自然伽马、补偿中子、声波时差、深侧向电阻率、浅侧向电阻率和密度等为成岩相判别敏感曲线。对比岩心薄片资料表明,概率神经网络模型可以准确识别未取心井段的成岩相,识别准确率可达到90%以上。     

歧口凹陷歧北次凹沙河街组三段页岩油地质特征与勘探突破

歧口凹陷歧北次凹沙河街组三段（沙三段）湖泛期细粒沉积发育、烃源岩品质好、页岩油资源丰富，但其研究尚处于起步阶段，在沧东凹陷孔店组二段湖相页岩油工业化开发的带动下，落实其勘探前景势成必然。为探究歧北次凹沙三段页岩油的地质特征及勘探潜力，依据F39X1井、QY10-1-1井等多口井的岩心、分析化验、测井资料和录井资料，对沙三段页岩层系的地质特征、页岩油类型与富集模式、甜点的空间分布规律等开展了综合研究。歧北次凹沙三段的矿物组成和岩石类型多样，主要包括灰质白云质页岩、长英质页岩、混合质页岩及微晶白云岩、亮晶生屑白云岩、粉砂岩等；烃源岩的总有机碳（TOC）含量主要分布在1%~3%，以Ⅱ型干酪根为主且指示热演化成熟度的镜质体反射率（R_o）普遍高于0.7%；储集空间主要包括粒间孔、晶间孔、生物体腔孔、有机孔及层理缝、构造（微）缝等；页岩油的超越效应明显（油饱和度指数平均为116.3 mg/g）、荧光显示良好。在歧北次凹沙三段中识别出单一型和夹层型2类页岩油，构建了高TOC滞留型页岩油和低TOC运移型页岩油2种富集模式，并建立了基于油饱和度指数、TOC和脆性指数等多参数的甜点定量评价方法及标准。针对甜点区部署了QY10-1-1水平井，其初期的折算产油量达103.5 t/d，预计可形成亿吨级增储新领域。勘探发现证实歧口凹陷的沙三段细粒岩段具备良好的页岩油勘探潜力。     

电源快速切换装置在齐鲁石化电力系统的应用

介绍工业电源快速切换装置的工作原理及应用情况,并对实际使用中存在的问题提出改进建议。     

复杂岩性储层压裂改造技术在歧口凹陷的应用

为解决大港油田歧口凹陷沙一下储层物性差、水敏性强、裂缝发育情况复杂和压裂施工成功率低等难题,研究出与储层配伍性较好的低伤害、高黏度压裂液。该压裂液残渣含量低、防膨性能好,并相应配套了加砂时机优选技术、前置液多级支撑剂段塞技术和压裂液流变性优选技术。该技术现场应用9井次,施工成功率由60%提高到100%,平均增产倍数由1.5倍提高到10.8倍,压裂效果明显。     

Voltage sag mitigation in an Indian distribution system using dynamic voltage restorer

Now a day’s most power quality problems in distribution systems are related to voltage sags. Hence, diverse solutions have been tried to compensate these voltage sags to circumvent financial losses due to voltage sag at industries. Dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs) are now becoming more recognized in industries to diminish the impact of voltage sags to sensitive loads. The DVR, which is placed in series with a sensitive load, must be able to react speedily to a voltage sag if end users of sensitive equipment are to experience no voltage sags. This paper discusses the use of series reactive injection as a voltage regulator. The proposed approach is to develop analytical aspects and to illustrate these by an example of a real Indian distribution system. Voltage sag can be eliminated by continuously injecting very small voltage profile to the system. The scheme combines the method of instantaneous symmetrical components and complex Fourier transform relations. The proposed technique, based on half-cycle averaging, can mitigate voltage sag at desired locations in distribution systems. The proposed methodology is applied in a 4 bus system and a real Indian distribution system.     

中压区域补偿型动态电压调节器设计

对适用于10kV配电网区域电压跌落治理的动态电压恢复器进行了设计,给出了基于级联H桥的主电路、取电装置、无变压器耦合电路的设计方法,并针对中性点不接地配网系统中电压跌落的特点,提出了一种仅需补偿电压跌落相电压即可恢复负载侧线电压的参考值计算方法。最后,基于PSCAD搭建了仿真模型,分析了不同故障类型下动态电压调节器(DVR)的补偿效果以及取电装置对系统的影响,通过实验验证了DVR硬件设计与参考电压计算方法的正确性和有效性。     

一种低穿现场测试用的电压跌落发生器的研制

为了测试风力发电系统的低电压穿越能力,需要专门的电压跌落模拟装置。对国内外现有三类电压跌落发生器的研究进行了总结。变压器形式电压跌落发生器具有结构简单、可靠性高和成本低的优势。基于变压器形式研制的电压跌落发生器可以实现三相对称跌落、两相跌落和单相跌落。三种跌落方式均有五种跌落深度可选,比较适合于风机低穿功能的前期验证,为低电压穿越能力的正式测试打下基础。