Study on Service Level Management in Integrated Satellite Information Network

Integrated Satellite Information Network (ISIN) includes those nodes in space and those on ground. It is the way to realize the fusion of satellite communication and traditional network technology. A satellite network management system based on Multiplex Network Management Protocol (MNMP) has accomplished traditional management, such as configuration, performance and fault management. An architecture of Service Level Management (SLM) in ISIN is proposed, and a service topology management and Service Level Agreement (SLA) are deeply researched. At last, service security and fault management are briefly discussed, and a simulation system is accomplished.     

Revisiting the doppler filter of LEO satellite GNSS receivers for precise velocity estimation

The theoretical aspects of the precise velocity determination of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites’on board Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers are derived. It shows that the receiver’s Phase Lock Loop (PLL) is required to feature extremely small group delay within its low frequency band, which is in contrast to existing work that proposed wide band linear phase filters. Following this theory, a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter is proposed. To corroborate, the proposed FIR filter and an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter lately proposed in literals are implemented in a LEO satellite onboard GNSS receiver. Tests are conducted using a third party commercial GPS signal generator. The results show that the GNSS receiver with the proposed FIR achieves 11 mm/s R.M.S precision, while the GNSS receiver with the IIR filter has a filter-caused velocity error that can not be ignored for space borne GNSS receivers.     

一种新的GNSS快速定位算法

GNSS定位的经典算法Gauss-Newton迭代法对初始位置依赖性强,若初值设置不当则迭代次数增加,而每次迭代涉及矩阵乘法和矩阵求逆,计算量剧增,直接影响系统冷启动首次定位时间。直接解算定位法无需初值和迭代计算,计算量小但定位精度较差。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种两步快速定位法,首先用直接解算法解算出用户的概略位置,然后将距离方程组在该位置处进行泰勒展开,用加权最小二乘算法计算用户位置的修正量,概略位置修正后即为用户位置。新算法与传统Gauss-Newton迭代定位算法相比,在保证相同定位精度前提下大幅降低运算量,具有重要的工程意义。仿真结果证明了新算法的有效性。      

部分响应连续相位调制信号在卫星移动信道中的误比特率性能分析

该文给出了组合卫星移动信道中采用差分相位检测(DPD)和最大比组合(MRC)的部分响应连续相位调制(PRCPM)信号的误比特率计算公式,并给出了有关数值计算结果。     

NAT重载技术在卫星通信IP业务中的应用

随着IP业务在卫星通信中的应用日益普及,卫星网络与地面网络互联互通已经成为必要。为了满足这种需求,并灵活配置,可以采用NAT重载技术提供较好的解决方案。本文探讨了NAT重载技术在卫星通信IP业务中的应用。     

A Cross-Layer Approach to Enhance QoS for Multimedia Applications Over Satellite

The need for on-demand QoS support for communications over satellite is of primary importance for distributed multimedia applications. This is particularly true for the return link which is often a bottleneck due to the large set of end-users accessing a very limited uplink resource. Facing this need, Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) is a classical technique that allows satellite operators to offer various types of services, while managing the resources of the satellite system efficiently. Tackling the quality degradation and delay accumulation issues that can result from the use of these techniques, this paper proposes an instantiation of the Application Layer Framing (ALF) approach, using a cross-layer interpreter (xQoS-Interpreter). The information provided by this interpreter is used to manage the resource provided to a terminal by the satellite system in order to improve the quality of multimedia presentations from the end user’s point of view. Several experiments are carried out for different loads on the return link. Their impact on QoS is measured through different application as well as network level metrics.

Satellites for communications and broadcasting: The evolving european market

The paper traces the development of the market for communications and direct broadcasting satellites in Europe, since the original specification of the European Communications Satellite (ECS) in 1977. It reviews the experiments undertaken on the Orbital Test Satellite (OTS) and the way in which demonstrations with this satellite have influenced the way in which ECS is being developed. It continues by considering the impact of television on the market, first cable television and its distribution requirements, then direct broadcasting by satellite, where the introduction of homes into the customer configuration will bring with it programme content as a salient feature in market development. Finally it speculates on the possibilities for the future, both in terms of the effect of new and higher frequencies on satellite communications systems, and the possible effects that interaction from small earth-stations could have on satellite design.     

Estimating the mass and power of communications satellites

The importance of weight and power estimates and methods for obtaining them are discussed. A method sufficiently accurate for system and launch vehicle planning is developed. It starts from operational requirements such as numbers of transponders, lifetime, eclipse service, radio frequency powers and certain general technology factors such as the performance of batteries and solar cells, and calculates the array power and the masses of the payload and primary power systems. Using these results, and differentiating between spinning and body stabilized satellites, the results of regression analyses on many communication satellites are then used to ascertain the weights of the other subsystems. Simple orbital mechanics are used to determine the weights of propellants, apogee motor, etc., to arrive at a final mass estimate. This estimate should be accurate to between 5 and 10 per cent if reliable input data are available.     

Help from space: grant-free massive access for satellite-based IoT in the 6G era

The Sixth-Generation (6G) standard for wireless communications is expected to realize ubiquitous coverage for massive Internet of Things (IoT) networks by 2030. Satellite-based communications are recognized as a highly promising technical enabler to satisfy IoT service requirements in the 6G era. This study analyzes multiple access technologies, which are essential for the effective deployment of satellite-based IoT. First, we thoroughly investigate the existing research related to massive access, including information-theory considerations as well as Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Random Access (RA) technologies.Then, we explore the influence of the satellite transmission environment on multiple access technologies. Based on this study, a Non-orthogonal Massive Grant-Free Access (NoMaGFA) scheme, which reaps the joint benefits of RA and NOMA, is proposed for asynchronous transmissions in satellite-based IoT to achieve improved system throughput and enhance the system robustness under varying traffics. Finally, we identify some important and interesting future developments for satellite-based IoT, including waveform design, transceiver design, resource allocation, and artificial intelligence-enhanced design.     

Satellite imagery based adaptive background models and shadow suppression

Accurate segmentation of foreground objects in video scenes is critical for assuring reliable performance of vision systems for object tracking and situational awareness in outdoor scenes. Most existing techniques for background modeling and shadow suppression require that a number of parameters be “hand-tuned” based on environmental conditions. This paper presents two contributions to overcome such limitations. First, we develop and demonstrate a satellite imagery based approach for selecting appropriate background and shadow models. It is shown that the illumination conditions (i.e. cloud cover) of a scene can be reliably inferred from visible satellite images in the local region of the camera. The second contribution presented in the paper is introduction and evaluation of a Hybrid Cone-Cylinder Codebook (HC3) model which combines an adaptive efficient background model with HSV-color space shadow suppression into a single coherent framework. The structure of the HC3 model allows for seamless fusion of the satellite data. We are thereby able to exploit the fact that, for example, shadows are more pronounced on sunny days than cloudy days, allowing for more sensitive detection. The paper presents a set of experiments using day long sequences of videos from an operational surveillance system testbed. Results of these experimental analyses quantitatively illustrate the benefits of using satellite imagery to inform and adaptively adjust background and shadow modeling.