新型电动机械式打孔器在沙特钻修井中的应用

多年以来,在沙特阿拉伯的很多油井由于井下的设备受到严重腐蚀经常需要进行钻修井作业。在作业中为了井控安全的要求,往往需要在油管上打一个孔作为循环压井液的通道。为了完成在油管上打孔作业,钻修井作业有时会因用传统的机械打孔方法不成功、装运炸药和组织射孔工具花费时间,从而导致生产时效上不经济。本文介绍了一种由沙特阿美公司最新研发的通过钢丝输送的电动机械式打孔器,通过在几口钻修井的应用实例表明打孔成功率达到100%,而且解决了传统的打孔方法所产生的问题。     

沙特RCC总承包工程的高低压配电系统

海外总承包工程中,高低压配电系统与目前国内的通行做法有些区别。全面介绍了中国中材国际工程股份有限公司总承包的沙特RCC工程的配电系统;同时根据当地条件以及海外项目的特殊要求,就该项目电力电缆的选择和敷设的原则及方法作了一一分析和介绍。     

How would real-time electricity pricing affect the Saudi power sector in the long-run?

This paper shows the effects of real-time electricity pricing (RTP) on the long-run marginal costs of power generation in Saudi Arabia. To do this, it links a multi-sector energy system model with a residential electricity use model. The energy system model contains an economic power dispatch optimization component. The residential framework embeds households, whose decisions are governed by microeconomic principles, in a physical building energy model. The analysis entails liberalizing fuel prices for the power utilities and setting the dynamic prices of electricity equal to the long-run marginal electricity supply costs. The electricity prices are solely offered to households. The key takeaways from this analysis are:

• •RTP, a form of dynamic electricity pricing, reduces the variability of the marginal costs for Saudi power utilities throughout the day.
• •Lowered capital spending by the Saudi power sector results from RTP and consequently lower power loads. Moreover, the curtailed investment in power plants would more than cover the costs of residential smart meter replacements.

     

基于最小偏移距分选的地震数据采集质量监控新方法——以沙特Berri工区三维项目为例

在海陆过渡带三维勘探项目的野外施工过程中,通常采用常规的线性动校正或直接核对炮点的方法来检查单炮是否发生偏移,但是,这种监控手段工作效率低下且监控质量得不到保证。介绍了一种基于最小偏移距分选的地震数据采集质量监控方法,基本原理是:将初至拉平,观察是否存在初至起跳异常,从而确定是否存在炮点偏移。在沙特Berri工区三维地震数据采集过程中,首先在放炮时采用GPS导航系统,在导航系统监控软件界面上监测炮点偏移情况,初步控制炮点误差;然后利用基于最小偏移距分选方法对地震数据采集质量进行监控,并对炮点和检波点偏移误差进行分析和检查。应用结果表明该方法能精确地检查炮点和检波点偏移情况,有效地提高了地震资料采集质量。     

Food safety organisations in Saudi Arabia – Organisational,historical and future analysis

Food safety organisations around the world are increasingly seeking to develop public policies to protect society, improve the economy, and ensure food safety and quality, by reducing the risks of food-borne illnesses, commercial adulteration, and food fraud. These risks present real threats to the food industry worldwide. The development of these organisations often revolves around reform of their systems, focussing on law, regulations, and improving the performance of enforcement officials. This article analyses the historical development of food safety organisations in Saudi Arabia, including the structures and functions of government and non-government organisations. It focuses on the official decisions contributing to public policy leading to the growth and expansion of these organisations, their roles and their functions. The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), a central authority, has recently been established in order to unify enforcement and legislative roles in food safety previously carried out by different Saudi government organisations. Several current and future challenges to food safety in Saudi are identified and discussed.     

The polarographic and corrosion inhibition performance of some Schiff base compounds derived from 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine in aqueous media

The polarographic behavior of five Schiff bases compounds (SB) prepared from 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine was investigated in BR buffer series of pH 2–12. The polarograms of all SB compounds displayed a single irreversible diffusion-controlled 2-electron wave within the whole pH range representing the saturation of the NCH bond. The effect of pH and substituents on electrode reaction have been investigated and discussed. The electrode reaction pathway is found to be H⁺, e, e, H⁺ in which the proton uptake precedes the electron transfer. The studied compounds were used as inhibitors for corrosion of carbon steel (CS) in 1 M HCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization technique. The inhibition was explained in view of the adsorption of SP compounds on the CS surface obeying to Freundlich isotherm. These compounds act as good inhibitors as the inhibition efficiency reached 89.5%. The inhibition efficiency of the studied SBs is found to be a function of substituent group. The order of inhibition efficiency follows the sequence: N(CH3) > p-OCH3 > o-OH > H > p-Cl. This order agrees with the sequence of the negative shift in E_1/2 values of the SB compounds under investigation.