Ways to Create New CHNO‐Oxidizers for Stoichiometric Gas‐Generating Compositions with Low Combustion Temperature

The investigation is aimed to study the possibility of creation of new CHNO‐oxidizers for smokeless gas‐generating compositions for airbag inflators. For ensuring low amount of CO and nitrogen oxides in combustion products it is necessary to create stoichiometric compositions with a relatively low combustion temperature. Ways to create new oxidizers acceptable to this requirement are examined, mainly by introducing low‐enthalpy oxygen‐containing groups into the oxidizer molecule. Standard enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH°) has been calculated for substances with unknown Δ_fH°, thermal stability has been qualitatively estimated, and combustion temperatures of stoichiometric compositions have been calculated.     

选择性激光熔化成形TC4钛合金开裂行为及其机理研究

裂纹是选择性激光熔化(Selective laser melting, SLM)成形Ti6-Al-4V(TC4)钛合金过程中最常见、破坏性最大的一种缺陷。采用逐行交替的扫描策略制备TC4钛合金试样,利用扫描电子显微镜及X射线能谱分析等检测方法,研究SLM成形TC4钛合金过程中裂纹的开裂行为及其形成机理。结果表明,SLM成形TC4钛合金所产生的裂纹为冷裂纹,具有典型的穿晶开裂特征。采用逐行交替扫描策略成形的TC4钛合金,其组织为网篮状马氏体组织。SLM成形过程中高温度梯度导致制件内部存在较高的残余应力,抗裂强度较差的马氏体组织在残余应力的作用下而产生裂纹,粗大的裂纹最终分解为较小的裂纹而终止扩展。进一步分析认为,通过调整成形工艺参数,可以改变制件组织,同时削弱残余应力,从而达到减弱或消除裂纹的目的。     

Scope Oriented Thermoeconomic analysis of energy systems. Part II: Formation Structure of Optimality for robust design

This paper represents the Part II of a paper in two parts. In Part I the fundamentals of Scope Oriented Thermoeconomics have been introduced, showing a scarce potential for the cost accounting of existing plants; in this Part II the same concepts are applied to the optimization of a small set of design variables for a vapour compression chiller. The method overcomes the limit of most conventional optimization techniques, which are usually based on hermetic algorithms not enabling the energy analyst to recognize all the margins for improvement. The Scope Oriented Thermoeconomic optimization allows us to disassemble the optimization process, thus recognizing the Formation Structure of Optimality, i.e. the specific influence of any thermodynamic and economic parameter in the path toward the optimal design. Finally, the potential applications of such an in-depth understanding of the inner driving forces of the optimization are discussed in the paper, with a particular focus on the sensitivity analysis to the variation of energy and capital costs and on the actual operation-oriented design.     

陕西省宁强县早寒武世宽川铺组具瘤突装饰的Olivooides-like胚胎化石新类型

早寒武世梅树村期小壳化石处于“寒武纪生命大爆发”的第一幕,对于揭示后生动物起源至关重要。对陕南宽川铺地区早寒武世早期宽川铺组第一个小壳化石组合带中发现的动物球状胚胎化石进行大量观察,发现了两枚Olivooides-like的新型动物胚胎化石。此类化石的胚胎表面并非PunctatusEmeiensis常见的密集分布的典型或非典型的尖刺状结构,而是呈基端具螺旋状环褶、末端较圆滑的锥状突起。新型动物卵的发现暗示了早寒武世梅树村期动物化石卵的多样性很可能发端于新元古代埃迪卡拉纪。     

鄂尔多斯盆地直罗油田长6油层组成岩作用及孔隙演化研究

位于鄂尔多斯盆地的直罗油田三叠系延长组长6油层组为近年来新开发的一个主力油气产层。岩石学和成岩作用特征研究表明,直罗油田长6油层组以细粒长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,砂岩经历了机械压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用等成岩作用,成岩作用处于晚成岩阶段A期。成岩作用控制了储层砂岩孔隙发育特征,其中压实作用与胶结作用是导致储层超低渗的主导因素,而次生溶蚀孔隙的形成对储层砂岩物性具有一定改造作用,并控制了该区长6油层组相对高孔高渗储层的展布特征。     

Theoretical Investigation of Some High‐Performance Novel Amine Azide Propellants

Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is currently the most widely used hypergolic propellant, due to its high performance and low ignition delay. However, its toxicity is a major concern. The present work aims at developing high‐performance hypergolic fuels that are based on tertiary amine azide functionality. A number of potential amine azide candidates have been proposed, and some of their physical and chemical properties have been computed using state‐of‐the‐art molecular modeling techniques. Gas‐phase heats of formation have been calculated using the CBS‐QB3 method, and the first‐principle COSMO‐RS method has been used to compute heats of vaporization and vapor pressures. A density correlation, based on molecular‐volume calculation, has been established to predict the densities of the candidate molecules. Finally, the liquid‐phase heats of formation and densities have been used to predict the specific and density impulses of the proposed candidate molecules. The results show that many of the molecules proposed here have much higher density impulse than that of MMH, and may be considered for experimental studies.     

Prediction of formation enthalpies for Al2X-type intermetallics using back-propagation neural network

A back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) was established to predict the formation enthalpies of Al₂X-type intermetallics as a function of some physical parameters. These physical parameters include the electronegativity difference, the electron density difference, the atomic size difference, and the electron–atom ratio (e/a). The values calculated by the ANN method agree with experiments well to typically within 10%, indicating that the well-trained back-propagation (BP) neural network is feasible, and can precisely predict the formation enthalpies of Al₂X-type intermetallics. The method comparison based on the predicted formation enthalpies suggests that our ANN method is superior to Miedema's model. Some trends of formation enthalpies for Al₂X-type intermetallics were also observed from the ANN.     

闪速炼铜过程中四氧化三铁的生成与控制

闪速炉炼铜炉渣中含Fe3 O4较高 ,这是渣含铜高和沉淀池结瘤的主要原因。本文结合生产实践 ,论述了Fe3 O4在闪速熔炼过程中的生成机理 ,并在生产中采取一系列措施 ,如 :通过下料管、分布器等设备改造改善精矿喷嘴性能 ,反应塔加焦粉 ,沉淀池加生铁 ,并适当提高炉渣SiO2 含量等 ,以减少Fe3 O4对生产过程的危害。     

高罗-西坪地区南津关组底部沉积型铅锌矿基本特征及找矿方向

鄂西南是湘西—鄂西成矿带中的重要成矿区域,具有良好的铅锌成矿条件,铅锌矿点多。但具有区域找矿意义的是赋存于下奥陶统南津关组底部生物碎屑灰岩中的沉积型铅锌矿床,在高罗—西坪地区非常典型。高罗-西坪地区南津关组底部沉积型铅锌矿成带展布,成片集中。该沉积型铅锌矿是近二、三年来科研成果的重大发现。     

Soot measurements in a chlorinated counterflow diffusion flame using a laser scattering and extinction technique

The effects of the presence of chlorinated species on soot formation have been studied in laminar diffusion flames burning chlorinated hydrocarbons. Measurements have been made of the structure of a chlorinated laminar, diffusion flame that is stabilized in a stagnation point flow around a porous cylinder. Comparisons have been made between a pure methane flame and a flame of 50% methane and 50% methyl chloride. Temperature profiles were obtained with a thermocouple. Laser Doppler velocimetry was used to measure the velocity of the gas along the streamline. Laser extinction and scattering techniques were employed to characterize the soot aerosol. It was found that the addition of the methyl chloride to methane caused soot production, as measured by the soot volume fraction, to increase by at least an order of magnitude.