蓝钨中钠含量对钨粉、碳化钨粉粒度影响的研究

以Na＜0．001％的WO3-x为参比样与Na＞0.001％的WO3-x作对比试验，观察了钨粉、碳化钨粉粒度的变化。研究了蓝钨中钠含量、制粉工艺条件同粉末粒度长大速度之间的关系，讨论了销促使粉末粒度长大的机理。并分析了WO3-x→W→WC的钠含量变化，提出了WO3-x最佳钠含量的技术条件建议。     

Thermodynamic modeling of the Na–Al–Ti–H system and Ti dissolution in sodium alanates

Thermodynamic assessments were made to optimize thermodynamic models and parameter fits to selected experimental and first principles hypothetical predicted phase data within the Na–Al–Ti–H system. This enabled thermodynamic modeling of Ti solubility within the sodium alanates: NaAlH₄ and Na₃AlH₆, and the relative stability of Ti-bearing phases. The modeling provides insights into the role of Ti originating from Ti-based activating agents commonly referred to as ‘catalysts’ in promoting reversibility of the Na–Al–H dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation reactions under moderate temperature and pressure conditions relevant to H storage applications. Preliminary assessments were made to evaluate H solubility in bcc-Ti and hcp-Ti, and stability of the hydride δ-TiH₂. To model possible Ti dissolution in NaAlH₄ and α-Na₃AlH₆, sub-lattice models were applied. A repulsive interaction is predicted by first principles calculations when Ti is dissolved in NaAlH₄ or α-Na₃AlH₆, which becomes stronger with increasing temperature. Although Ti is virtually insoluble in NaAlH₄ or α-Na₃AlH₆, a small addition of TiCl₃ will induce a thermodynamic driving force for formation of TiH₂ and/or TiAl₃. The addition of pure Ti shows a weaker effect than TiCl₃ and leads to formation of TiH₂ only. Based on a combined interpretation of present thermodynamic modeling and prior experimental observations, the TiAl₃ and TiH₂ phases are ascribed to have a catalytic effect, not a thermodynamic destabilization effect, on the reversibility of the dehydrogenation/rehydrogenation reactions in the Na–Al–H system.     

Liquid–liquid equilibria of aqueous two-phase systems composed of TritonX-100 and sodium citrate or magnesium sulfate salts

Liquid–liquid phase diagrams of surfactant-based aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) composed of TritonX-100, as a non-ionic surfactant, and two different salts have been studied at 298.15 K. The salts used were an inorganic salt, magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), and an organic salt, sodium citrate (Na₃C₆H₅O₇). The results show that the salt MgSO₄ is more capable of inducing ATPS formation than the salt Na₃C₆H₅O₇. The experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium data were correlated using a modified virial model. Good agreement was obtained with the experimental data.     

A dual K-Na selective Prussian blue nanotubes sensor

A strategy for dual sensing of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions using Prussian blue nanotubes via selective inter/deintercalation of K⁺ ion and competitive inhibition by Na⁺ ion, is reported. The analytical signal is derived from the cyclic voltammetry cathodic peak position E_pc of Prussian blue nanotubes. Na⁺ and K⁺ levels in a sample solution can be determined conveniently using one Prussian blue nanotubes sensor. In addition, this versatile method can be applied for the analysis of single type of either Na⁺ or K⁺ ions. The dual-ion sensor response towards Na⁺ and K⁺ can be described using a model based on the competitive inhibition effects of Na⁺ on K⁺ inter/deintercalation in Prussian blue nanotubes. Successful application of the Prussian blue nanotubes sensor for Na⁺ and K⁺ determination is demonstrated in artificial saliva.     

煅烧高岭土吸附Pb^2＋／SDBS／PNP三元共存污染物的研究

对比Pb^2＋,SDBS,PNP单元和三元复合后在煅烧高岭土上的吸附,探讨了在不同投加量、吸附时间、pH值下三元共存在煅烧高岭土上的吸附影响．结果表明：Pb2＋单元去除率为94．71％,三元复合后为85．50％;SDBS单元去除率为75．36％,三元复合去除率为84．04％;PNP单元去除率和三元复合去除率分别为64．24％,55．57％．表明三元复合对Pb2＋和SDBS的去除产生拮抗效应,而三元复合对PNP起到增强吸附的作用．由IR红外分析可知煅烧高岭土吸附三元复合污染物并没有引起结构的改变,吸附过程为物理吸附．     

氢氧化钠改性粉煤灰制吸附材料研究

以粉煤灰为原料制取水处理吸附材料。研究氢氧化钠浓度、回流时间、液固比、热处理时间和热处理温度对Cd2＋吸收率的影响。结果表明：氢氧化钠处理能显著提高粉煤灰的吸收能力;与未处理的粉煤灰相比,吸收率可由40．1％提高到80％以上：通过实验和分析得出氢氧化钠改性粉煤灰的较佳工艺条件：氢氧化钠浓度为3mol／L,回流时间为10h,氢氧化钠溶液与粉煤灰的液固比为6,热处理时间6h,热处理温度为90℃。     

Physical characterization of polyurethanes reinforced with the in situ-generated silica-polyphosphate nano-phase

A series (SPUN) of segmented polyurethanes reinforced with the in situ-generated sodium silica-polyphosphate nano-phase (SSP) was characterized by thermogravimetry, differential calorimetry, wide-angle and small-angle X-ray diffraction and stress–strain relationships.

Cross-over from the rubber-like to the solid-like mechanical behavior of the SPUN above the apparent percolation threshold w ≈ 40% was considered as evidence for the onset of the “infinite clusters” of SSP nano-domains spanning the entire volumes of initial (i.e., undeformed) samples. The infinite clusters of SSP nano-domains crossed over from the mass fractal-like to the surface fractal-like behavior at the composition-dependent, characteristic X-ray scattering vectors q*. A continuous nano-phase of the polyurethane coexisting with a continuous nano-phase (infinite cluster) of the SSP is likely to be expanded due to the “negative pressure” effect.     

Hydrogen storage: The major technological barrier to the development of hydrogen fuel cell cars

In this paper, we review the current technology for the storage of hydrogen on board a fuel cell-propelled vehicle. Having outlined the technical specifications necessary to match the performance of hydrocarbon. fue1, we first outline the inherent difficulties with gas pressure and liquid hydrogen storage. We then outline the history of transition metal hydride storage, leading to the development of metal hydride batteries. A viable system, however, must involve lighter elements and be vacuum-tight. The first new system to get serious consideration is titanium-activated sodium alanate, followed by the lithium amide and borohydride systems that potentially overcome several of the disadvantages of alanates. Borohydrides can alternatively produce hydrogen by reaction with water in the presence of a catalyst but the product would have to be recycled via a chemical plant. Finally various possible ways of making magnesium hydride decompose and reform more readily are discussed. The alternative to lighter hydrides is the development of physisorption of molecular hydrogen on high surface area materials such as carbons, metal oxide frameworks, zeolites. Here the problem is that the surface binding energy is too low to work at anything above liquid nitrogen temperature. Recent investigations of the interaction mechanism are discussed which show that systems with stronger interactions will inevitably require a surface interaction that increases the molecular hydrogen-hydrogen distance.     

微波在植物纤维漂白中的应用研究

采用微波辐射技术，建立了次氯酸钠漂白麦草浆工艺。影响微波辐射漂白纸浆的因素有三项：微波辐射时间、辐射功率和次氯酸钠用量。当微波辐射功率为352w，辐射时间为2min，次氯酸钠用量为10mL时，2g绝干浆的白度达77％ISO以上。此外，通过与水浴的对比实验，发现微波加热2min纸浆达到的白度相当于水浴加热40min，这对于能源的节省是非常有意义的。     

铝酸钠(钾)溶液种分过程的粒度研究

采用间歇式反应器,研究了52 5℃,COH-=5 16mol/L,αk分别为1 45、1 55、1 65的纯铝酸钠和铝酸钾溶液种分过程的晶体粒度分布(PSD)规律。结果表明,在相同的分解条件下,铝酸钠和铝酸钾溶液中晶体的粒度分布随时间的变化有一定差异。铝酸钠溶液PSD曲线的主粒度峰的位置总在铝酸钾溶液的上方;最显著的差异是在分解16h后,铝酸钾溶液的PSD曲线在10～44 774μm处有一个显著的突起峰,而铝酸钠溶液则没有。不同αk的铝酸钠和铝酸钾溶液,这种粒度分布随时间变化的差异相似。