化工工业厂房建筑安装工程施工临时用电负荷计算

将用电设备按运行工作制和负载持续率分组,按不同的需要系数经验值计算每组用电设备功率,每组设备功率之和乘以同期系数就是总计算功率。同时,还比较了土建施工高峰期和安装施工高峰期负荷容量。     

Inhibition of Scots pine seedling establishment byEmpetrum hermaphroditum

Poor establishment and reduced seedling growth of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) in northern Sweden is related to an allelopathic inhibition by the dwarf shrubEmpetrum hermaphroditum Hagerup. Indoor bioassays with green and brown leaves ofEmpetrum have strong negative effects on rooting ability, radicle elongation, and growth of Scots pine seedlings. Bioassays with soil samples show that phytotoxic substances leached fromEmpetrum foliage accumulate in the soil. Field experiments reveal that chemical inhibition byEmpetrum, causing high mortality and slow growth of pine seedlings, can be reduced by adding activated carbon to the soil.     

Coupling control on pillar stress concentration and surface cracks in shallow multi-seam mining

In order to ensure safe mining and reduce surface damage in shallow multi-seam mining, the failure characteristics of interburden strata with different coal pillars offset distances between pillars in the upper and lower seams, the distribution characteristics of stress concentration in coal pillars, and the development characteristics of stratum cracks and subsidence were investigated by physical and UDEC2 D simulation. Meanwhile, the effect of different coal pillar offset distances on stress concentration of coal pillar and development of stratum cracks were studied. Based on those results, a formula for safe mining and reducing surface damage was established, which provided a theoretical basis for safe and environmentally friendly mining in shallow multi-seam. According to the results, the optimal coal pillar offset distance(the side to side horizontal distance of the upper and lower coal pillars) between the upper and lower coal seams was developed to reduce the stress concentration of coal pillars and surface damage.The results of this study have been applied in Ningtiaota coal mine and have achieved good results in safe and environmentally friendly mining.     

混合高温菌浸出黄铜矿及浸出过程中微生物群落的演替

研究3株极端嗜热古菌(金属硫叶菌,Sulfolobus metallicus JCM 9184;瑟杜生金属球菌,Metallosphaera sedula JCM 9185和万座酸菌,Acidianus manzaensis YN25)在不同起始pH值和不同温度条件下对黄铜矿的混合浸出,并对浸矿过程中混合菌群落的动态演替进行分析.结果表明:在起始pH 1.5时的铜浸出率明显高于在起始pH 2.5时的铜浸出率,而65 ℃条件下的铜浸出率高于75 ℃时的铜浸出率.利用限制性长度多态性(RFLP)分析65 ℃、起始pH 1.5条件下的微生物群落演替,结果显示:在黄铜矿的浸出前期Sulfolobus metallicus是占据优势的菌种,而到后期Acidianus manzaensis的比例则会上升,并最后取代Sulfolobus metallicus成为优势种.     

Effect of Phenolic Acids in Soil under and Between Rows of a Prior Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Crop on Germination, Emergence, and Seedling Growth of Peanut (Arachis hypogea)

Sorghum bicolor is an allelopathic crop that reduces the yield of succeeding crops. We have assessed its effect on the germination, emergence, and seedling growth of Arachis hypogea sown in soil that had had a prior sorghum cropping. A. hypogea was sown on rows and interrows of a previous sorghum crop in 1997 and 1998 in Senegal. Seedling establishment (germination rate and seedling weight) was better between rows than on rows of the previous crop. The highest concentrations of phenolic compounds occurred in the rows in 1998, while contents of row and interrow soils were similar in 1997. Vanillic acid was the main component of the six chemicals found in 1997 soils, whereas the 1998 soil samples contained mainly p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic, and p-coumaric acids (10 phenolics identified). The germination of peanut seeds in water (control), soil water extracts, and mixtures of pure phenolics (equivalent to those in 1997 and 1998 soil samples) was tested. All extracts inhibited germination compared to controls, but there was no significant difference among treatments, i.e., the inhibition was the same for seeds in soil solutions and those in the respective phenolic mixtures. Similarly, there were no significant differences among the germination rates in soil water extracts of rows and interrows or in the pure phenolic mixtures of rows and interrows. We propose a geometrical sowing pattern for peanuts between the rows of the previous sorghum crop to escape the latter's "allelopathic heritage."     

志丹油田旦八区长3油层组沉积微相研究

通过对志丹油田旦八区大量岩心的观察及90多口井的单井沉积相、剖面相、平面相的分析研究,认为该区长3油组为一套三角洲平原沉积,可见到分流河道、天然堤和河漫沼泽三个微相．对研究区沉积微相展布特征进行了研究．结果表明,有利储集体为分流河道砂体,受沉积微相展布控制。     

塌崖沟油区延长组长4+5、长6油层组高分辨率层序地层学研究

本文综合运用了地质、测井等资料,以现代沉积及岩相古地理学、高分辨率层序地层学、测井地质学及石油地质学为理论指导,通过测井-地质响应模型,对研究区进行了层序地层分析。在长4＋5,长6油层组中识别出三种短期沉积旋回,为后期油田开发和研究提供了一定依据。     

Succession of bacterial and fungal communities during natural coffee (Coffea arabica) fermentation

Bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi were isolated during natural coffee processing. Bacteria were isolated in greater numbers at the beginning of the fermentation, when the moisture of the coffee beans was around 68%. Gram-positive bacteria represented 85.5% of all bacteria isolated, and Bacillus was the predominant genus (51%). Gram-negative species of the genera Serratia, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter were also found. Approximately 22% of 940 randomly chosen isolates of microorganisms were yeasts. Debaryomyces (27%), Pichia (18.9%) and Candida (8.0%) were the most commonly found genera, and these three genera tended to appear more often as the fruit was fermented and dried. Aspergillus was the most abundant genus besides Penicillium, Fusarium and Cladosporium, with 42.6% of the total fungi isolates. The genera and species identified included members known to have pectinase and cellulase activities. Of the 10 organic acids analyzed and quantified in coffee beans, acetic and lactic acids may have been generated by microbial activity. Butyric acid was not detected in any sample.     

不同生态护坡下水土保持效果动态变化研究

为研究不同生态护坡措施实施后其护坡效果随时间的变化情况,选取北京市昌平区朱辛庄水土保持示范基地内的4组不同护坡类型径流小区为研究对象,通过连续5 a的植被调查和人工模拟降雨实验研究,对各个护坡径流小区的植被状况以及产流和产沙数据进行了分析。结果显示:4种生态护坡实施后,随着时间推移,护坡植物种类会朝着当地土生植物种类发生演替,从而导致护坡的水土保持效果发生变化,每种生态护坡的效果各不相同;单一植物护坡容易受到植物演替规律的影响,而采用工程与植物措施相结合的护坡形式,水土保持效果则更为持久有效。研究成果可为今后生态护坡技术的推广应用提供借鉴。