Maturity‐related chilling tolerance in mango fruit and the antioxidant capacity involved

BACKGROUND: In order to evaluate how effect of mature stage on the chilling tolerance of mangoes (Mangifera indica L. cv. ‘Zihua’) and the mechanism involved, the fruit were categorized into three stages of ripeness: Green (100% green fruit), Preyellow (10–20% yellow fruit) and Yellow (45–55% yellow fruit) after harvest and stored at 2 °C for 12 days and then incubated at 25 °C for 2 days for chilling injury (CI) development. RESULTS: CI index in Preyellow and Yellow fruit was significantly lower than that of the Green fruit, as a rapid increase in ion leakage was observed in the Green fruit. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase of Preyellow and Yellow fruit were higher than those of the Green from day 6 to day 12 during cold storage. A lower content of malondialdehyde but higher levels of glutathione and ascorbic acid were maintained in Preyellow and Yellow fruit than that in Green fruit. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that stronger resistance of Preyellow and Yellow mangoes to CI compared to Green fruit was due to their higher antioxidant capacity involved in the tolerance to chilling temperature. Alleviating CI in mangoes during storage may be achieved by storing the fruit when skin colour is beginning to change to yellow from green. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于ADAMS和ANSYS的自动立式夹钳研究

运用ADAMS软件,建立了钢卷自动立式夹钳的虚拟样机模型,通过对机构进行静力学分析,确定了夹钳夹紧钢卷的边界载荷条件,并建立了夹钳夹紧钢卷的有限元分析模型,通过对用不同曲率半径外钳口夹紧钢卷时的钢卷表面应力的仿真计算,探讨了影响钢卷表面应力分布的因素,揭示了钢卷被夹伤的机理并提出了以增大接触面积、降低接触压力为目标的夹钳改进措施。     

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Lung Disease

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), built from mitochondrial or nuclear DNA, proteinases, and histones, entrap and eliminate pathogens in the course of bacterial or viral infections. Neutrophils’ activation and the formation of NETs have been described as major risk factors for acute lung injury, multi-organ damage, and mortality in COVID-19 disease. NETs-related lung injury involves both epithelial and endothelial cells, as well as the alveolar-capillary barrier. The markers for NETs formation, such as circulating DNA, neutrophil elastase (NE) activity, or myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes, were found in lung specimens of COVID-19 victims, as well as in sera and tracheal aspirates obtained from COVID-19 patients. DNA threads form large conglomerates causing local obstruction of the small bronchi and together with NE are responsible for overproduction of mucin by epithelial cells. Various components of NETs are involved in the pathogenesis of cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary disease. NETs are responsible for the interplay between inflammation and thrombosis in the affected lungs. The immunothrombosis, stimulated by NETs, has a poor prognostic significance. Better understanding of the role of NETs in the course of COVID-19 can help to develop novel approaches to the therapeutic interventions in this condition.     

玻璃酸钠在角膜穿孔伤缝合手术中的应用

目的评价在角膜穿孔伤Ⅰ期清创缝合术中玻璃酸钠的作用。方法将玻璃酸钠用于50例、50眼角膜穿孔伤行Ⅰ期缝合手术中,并观察其疗效。结果角膜穿孔伤50例,术后前房形成良好,瞳孔基本保持圆形,无1例发生前粘连。角膜伤口对合平整,无严重眼内炎症反应。结论在角膜穿孔伤Ⅰ期缝合术中应用玻璃酸钠有利于保持前房的深度,保护眼内组织,安全有效地处理并发症。     

Effects of sand and straw bedding on the lying behavior, cleanliness, and hoof and hock injuries of dairy cows

This experiment compared the effects of sand and straw bedding in free stalls on resting time, cleanliness, hock injuries, and hoof health of dairy cows and tested whether cow preferences for a bedding material depended on the familiarity with the material. A total of 52 dairy cows were kept either on straw bedded concrete stalls or sand stalls for at least 21 wk. The lying behavior was observed, and hock lesions, hoof health, and cleanliness of the cows and stalls were measured. A 5-d preference test between sand and straw stalls was conducted at the end of the experiment. The total daily duration of lying was longer for cows on straw bedding than on sand bedding (straw 749 ± 16 vs. sand 678 ± 19 min). During the preference test, cows that had been kept on straw bedding preferred lying in straw stalls [straw 218.7 (133.4 to 239.7) vs. sand 9.0 min (2.8 to 44.8)]; however, cows that had been kept on sand showed no preference [straw 101.3 (51.7 to 205.9) vs. sand 94.3 min (54.1 to 156.1, median and interquartile range)]. Although there were no differences in the dirtiness of stalls, the cows using straw stalls were dirtier than cows using sand stalls [straw 6.04 (5.39 to 6.28) vs. sand 4.19 (3.62 to 5.16)]. At the end of experiment the severity of hock lesions was lower for cows on sand than for cows on straw [sand 0.5 (0.0 to 1.0) vs. straw 1.0 (1.0 to 2.0)]. The improvement in overall hoof health over the observation period was greater for cows kept on sand compared with cows kept on straw [sand −2.00 (−3.75 to −0.25) vs. straw 0.00 (−2.00 to 2.00)]. Straw bedding increased the time that cows spend lying, and cows preferred straw stalls to sand stalls. However, previous experience with sand reduces avoidance of sand stalls. Sand stalls were advantageous for cow cleanliness and health; hock lesions and claw diseases healed more quickly for cows using sand stalls compared with straw.     

芦荟多糖联合低聚果糖缓解小鼠酒精性肝损伤

本文研究了芦荟多糖联合低聚果糖对慢性酒精所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。采用芦荟多糖联合低聚果糖灌胃,以保护慢性酒精性肝损伤小鼠,实验结束后测定小鼠肝脏指数;血清生化指标,如谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG);肝脏生化指标,如还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6),同时观察组织病理学变化,以综合评价芦荟多糖联合低聚果糖对小鼠的肝保护作用。结果表明,高剂量组芦荟多糖联合低聚果糖能显著地降低酒精诱导的ALT、AST、TC、TG的水平至(23.37±0.80) U/L、(106.50±4.58) U/L、(2.85±0.10) mmol/L、(1.38±0.12) mmol/L;降低炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α水平至(28.24±0.45)和(155.90±9.67) pg/(mg pro)和提升丙二醇MDA含量至(1.25±0.13)pmol/(mgpro)(p0.05),并且提高肝内抗氧化酶GSH、SOD、GSH-Px活性至(93.65±4.93)、(61.24±3.13)和(82.75±7.04)U/(mgpro)(p0.05),高剂量组的肝保护效果较阳性药物水飞蓟更明显,其主要保护机制为抗氧化。因此,本研究为缓解酒精性肝损伤的芦荟多糖联合低聚果糖复方产品提供了一定的理论支撑。     

木瓜提取物预防非甾体抗炎药诱导的小鼠肠黏膜损伤

为了研究木瓜提取物对非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)引起的小鼠小肠黏膜损伤的预防作用,应用灌胃方式连续6d给与木瓜提取物,在第5 d给与双氯芬酸钠5 mg/mL连续两天灌胃,建立NSAID诱导小肠黏膜损伤模型。检测小肠黏膜通透性及观察小肠黏膜病变情况,检测葡萄糖转运蛋白(GRP-78)、CHOP、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、Toll受体4(TLR4)及NLRP的表达水平。FITC-DT测定结果显示正常组相对荧光值(Relative fluorescence value,RFU)为682.7±105.4、模型组2008.3±496.1、木瓜低剂量组为1097.8±501.1、木瓜高剂量组为737.5±275.5;与正常组相比,模型组小鼠小肠黏膜明显损伤及通透性增加;与模型组相比,不同剂量木瓜提取物处理小鼠后能明显减轻小肠黏膜损伤,其机制与木瓜提取物调节肠道组织的内质网应激(GRP78和CHOP)、降低肠道炎症反应(TLR4和TNF-α)有关。提示木瓜提取物能通过调节TLR4-内质网应激预防NSAID对小鼠小肠黏膜的损伤。