城市生活垃圾典型组分燃烧特性的TG-FTIR研究

利用热重分析和傅立叶变换红外光谱法(TG-FTIR)联用分析了城市生活垃圾的典型组分(大米饭、PVC、PS、煤炭)的燃烧特性,定性得到了燃烧过程中的排放产物。结果表明,厨余类垃圾水分较高,300℃左右挥发分快速析出燃烧,燃烧产物中含有烃类、CO、乙酸类物质,垃圾热值较低;PS类燃料挥发分较高,在350℃左右迅速失重,燃烧产物中含有烃类、氢气、多聚物、苯乙烯等物质。此外,对其中3种单质垃圾进行了混合燃烧试验,混合样品的氧化过程可以看作单组分的简单叠加。     

Chemical Synthesis Residual Pyrolysis and Combustion: Kinetics and Evolved Gases Investigated by TG-FTIR

Chemical synthetic residual is one of the solid wastes generated from pharmaceutical industry. The pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of chemical synthesis residual were investigated using a thermogravimetric analyser coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(TG-FTIR) in this study. The processes of pyrolysis and combustion can be divided into three stages. The average weight loss rate of pyrolysis process at low temperature was higher than that of combustion. The kinetic parame...     

废弃汽车塑料保险杠材料热解特性及动力学研究

通过红外光谱分析及热重分析可知,汽车塑料保险杠的主要成分为聚丙烯和三元乙丙橡胶。应用热重-红外联用技术考察了其热解特性,采用Doyle积分法分析了塑料保险杠在不同升温速率下的热解规律。     

微藻-氧载体化学链气化的特性研究

分别制备并研究4种氧载体Fe_2O_3/NiO、Fe_2O_3/ZnO、NiO/ZnO和Fe_2O_3/NiO/ZnO的加入对微藻化学链气化的影响。采用热重红外联用方法研究氧载体种类、氧载体质量对微藻产气的影响,计算获得相应化学链气化反应动力学参数,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对氧载体进行微观分析。实验结果表明,微藻在氧载体的作用下存在2个对微藻气化促进效果最明显,ZnO的加入有助于提升氧载体性能。     

TG-FTIR联用研究HnB烟草基质在400℃以下的热解特性和气相产物

  目的  明确加热不燃烧（HnB）烟草基质热解特性和气相产物释放情况。  方法  采用热重-红外联用分析仪（TGFTIR）,在100 mL/min的空气流量和20℃/min的升温速率条件下,测试了甘油含量0~30%的烟草基质的热失重、气态产物组成随温度（30℃~400℃）的变化规律。  结果  ① 烟草基质主要的失重阶段处于130℃~360℃之间,该温度区间的失重速率极大值点有2个,1个处于200℃~235℃之间,另1个处于297℃~310℃之间。②烟草基质甘油含量在20%~30%时,150℃即释放出易挥发小分子,如:烟碱、碳水化合物、酚类和有机酸类、烷烃和烯烃类化合物等;甘油含量在0~10%时,200℃以上这些物质才会出现。③在4个失重阶段的失重速率极大值点附近温度下（100℃、200℃、300℃和400℃）,甘油含量对受热释放物中各类成分的比例产生了影响。  结论  上述规律可以为加热不燃烧卷烟的温度设计和烟草基质的甘油含量选择提供参考。      

不同金属氧化物对重质生物油再裂解的比较性研究

通过TG-FTIR、GC/MS和XRD等分析手段,研究了Fe₂O₃、Al₂O₃、CaO和TiO₂四种金属氧化物催化下重质生物油的热解特性及产物差异。结果表明：应用上述四种催化剂的再裂解实验均促进了重质生物油的脱氧,其中CaO催化下脱氧效果最好,Al₂O₃能够有效降低反应温度,Fe₂O₃有效促进了重质生物油成炭前的解聚、固相产物质量降幅达21.23%,TiO₂对CO₂的生成有最明显的抑制效果、同时可以降低反应结束温度;在低温下,除CaO外的三种催化剂均对有效产物的生成有促进作用,但对不同种类的物质各有侧重,而CaO则会使反应所需温度升高且对愈创木酚的富集有很强的选择性;在中温下,CaO和TiO₂表现出较好的催化效果。上述催化热解过程有效促进了酚类的富集,效果最好的是Al₂O₃,酚类相对含量增幅达31.10%。除Fe₂O₃外的三种金属氧化物均降低了生物炭的有序度,添加CaO制备的生物炭具有最无序的炭结构和最高的固相产率。     

Study on combustion mechanism of asphalt binder by using TG-FTIR technique

The combustion mechanism of asphalt binder was investigated by using thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR) in a mixed gas environment of 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen. The results show that the combustion process of asphalt binder consists of three main consecutive stages at a low heating rate. The combustion reaction becomes more and more intense from the 1st to 3rd stage. The release of volatiles occurs mainly at 300-570 °C, and the gaseous products in each stage are different. The main products in the 1st stage are CO₂, CO, H₂O, hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, tetrahydrofuran, formic acid, aromatic compounds, etc. In the next stage, the combustion products mentioned above keep on increasing, but some new volatiles such as alcohols, phenols, styrene, etc. are present. In the last stage, the CH and CO bonds continue to fracture and aromatization reaction occurs, and the release amount of CO₂, CO, and H₂O reaches the maximum. But the content of other products decreases or even disappears due to burning. Among the above volatiles, CO₂ is the dominant gaseous product in the whole combustion process. The concentration of CO₂ and CO keeps increasing, and reaches the maximum intensity at about 520 °C. The evolution of H₂O, CH₄, and formic acid exhibits the trend of increase first, and then decrease. Over 570 °C, there are few products released at the end of the combustion process. Asphalt binder combustion process includes two modes of complete and incomplete combustion, and the latter may be main combustion mode of asphalt binder.     

Detection of natural oxidation of coking coal by TG-FTIR—mechanistic implications

The natural oxidation/weathering of coal continues to be a subject of interest both scientifically and industrially, in part due to the complexity of the molecular processes at hand as well as to the commercial implications involved. It is widely recognized that coking can be adversely affected by weathering whereas, combustion processes appear to be enhanced as result of oxidation.Combustion techniques are commonly used in the analysis of coal, and organic compounds in general, for the determination of elemental hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen. For oxygen, the method in common practice involves the determination by difference from directly determined values for moisture, ash, sulphur, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen. This has led us to consider the use of thermogravimetry coupled to gas analysis by infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) to measure organic oxygen in coal directly. Although this technique, developed by Solomon and coworkers, has been extensively used by our group and others, it appears not to have been considered for this particular purpose.Recently, we have shown that TG-FTIR is capable of measuring all the organic oxygen in both fresh and oxidized coal by simultaneous measurement of the three main oxygen-containing gases H₂O, CO and CO₂ evolved during rapid pyrolysis. This gives us a way of measuring quantitatively the oxygen introduced into the coal matrix during oxidation and at least a partial capability of establishing oxygen speciation.We have found, using TG-FTIR, that the early stages of coal oxidation results in the appearance of O-containing functional groups not present in the original coal. The nature of these functional groups is directly related to the oxidation reaction mechanism. These results will be presented and discussed in detail.     

生物质中K+、Ca2+对热解的影响及机理研究

为了研究K 、Ca2 对纤维素生物质热解的影响,利用热重—傅立叶红外(TG—FTITR)研究了通过室温水洗涤6、0℃热水洗涤以及0.5%硝酸洗涤方法等预处理玉米秸秆后的热解逸出特性。3种预处理方法的分析表明,不同的预处理方法对玉米秸秆结构及化学组成没有影响;酸洗好于水洗,能完全脱除K ,脱Ca2 为78%,水洗只能脱除K ;Ca2 、K 的脱除程度越深,焦残余量越少。预处理物料和原料的热解实验表明,K 、Ca2 在热解中起着明显的催化作用,促使玉米秸秆转化形成更多的羰基化合物、CO2和H2O。无K 、Ca2 等离子时,热解明显向形成含C-O-C基团等单键化合物转化,并促使液体产率增多;CO与CH4逸出几乎不受K 、Ca2 的影响。最后,从金属离子与生物质结合形式,解释了金属离子影响纤维素生物质热解的机理。     

火场硬木地板材料和棉花秆的变氧浓度热解燃烧动力学的试验研究

采用TG-FTIR分析方法深入研究了火场中硬木地板材料和棉花秆缺氧变氧浓度燃烧过程,深入分析了氧浓度对燃烧热失重过程的影响;首次得出了可燃物的表观活化能与实际氧浓度呈线性关系的结论;分析了氧浓度对木材燃烧气体产物的影响,并探索了氧浓度影响热解和燃烧的机理。