邯钢喷吹用煤的TG-FTIR热解研究

采用TG-FTIR联用技术研究了邯钢喷吹用煤的热解失重过程。结果表明:长治煤、大湾煤、70%长治煤+30%大湾煤的失重过程均大致分三个阶段,450~800℃之间,TG曲线急剧下降,挥发分大量逸出。DTA曲线在590~700℃时出现峰值,煤的热解反应剧烈。分析显示长治煤添加30%比例大湾煤后失重开始温度比原煤下降13.5℃,1000℃时的失重率比长治煤的失重率增加了4.05%,说明无烟煤配加烟煤可以促进煤粉热解过程中产物的转化,有利于改善喷吹煤粉的燃烧状况。FTIR结果显示:添加30%大湾煤对煤粉在热解过程中CO的生成影响不大,CO2则出现减少的趋势。甲烷气体的释放被集中到一定时间段内完成,且释放量有所增加。另外,配煤还促进了其他烃类气体逸出,增加了参加均相燃烧的挥发分气体比例。     

TG-FTIR联用研究半纤维素的热裂解特性

利用FT-IR、离子色谱、1H-NMR及13C NMR等手段对蔗渣半纤维素的化学结构进行了表征,并利用热重-傅里叶红外光谱（TG-FTIR）联用技术对蔗渣半纤维素在不同的升温速率下的热失重行为进行了研究。结果表明,蔗渣半纤维素主要由大量的阿拉伯糖木聚糖组成,此外还含有葡萄糖、半乳糖及葡萄糖醛酸和半乳糖醛酸,具有草类原料中典型的半纤维素结构。蔗渣半纤维素的主要热失重区间为200～315 ℃,并在230 ℃左右出现一个肩状峰,在700 ℃时焦炭残留物比例较高,约在20%。采用一级四段模型对半纤维素的热裂解过程进行了模拟,得到各段的活化能分别为118 kJ/mol、50 kJ/mol、144 kJ/mol和34 kJ/mol。蔗渣半纤维素热解气体析出过程复杂,初期先析出游离水,随后发生解聚和脱水反应,主要的苷键和碳碳键断开形成各种烃类、醇类、醛类和酸类等物质,这些大分子物质又裂解为CO2、CO等小分子气体。在线红外分析结果表明,蔗渣半纤维素热解气态产物主要有H2O、CO2、CO和CH4和其它产物。     

麦秆酶解残渣热解特性及动力学分析

对比分析了麦秆及其酶解残渣的基础物化特性,利用热重−红外联用技术研究了酶解残渣的热解反应过程及其主要气体产物的析出特性,并用混合反应模型计算了酶解残渣热解过程的表观动力学参数。结果表明,麦秆酶解残渣是一种富含木质素的高灰分、低热值的生物质原料,与麦秆原料相比,其热解过程相对平缓,主要失重温度区间为200℃ ~ 800℃,最大失重峰为350℃,与木质素的热解特性相近;提高升温速率可以使酶解残渣热解反应剩余产物质量明显减少,最大失重速率提高;热解主要气体产物中CH4析出的温度区间为400℃ ~ 700℃,CO和CO2在380℃、450℃和650℃都存在析出峰。动力学分析结果表明,酶解残渣热解过程在低温区（200℃ ~ 350℃）和高温区（350℃ ~ 800℃）分别遵循一级和二级反应动力学规律。     

柔性有机堵料热解特性及产物研究

利用热重红外（TG-FTIR）联用技术,通过改变升温速率、粒径大小和气氛等条件,对柔性有机堵料的热解特性进行研究。结果表明,升温速率越慢,热解反应速率越快;较小的颗粒直径更有利于热解反应;在空气气氛下热解烟气中以CO2为主,主要由柔性有机堵料中树脂类物质发生C-O键断裂碳化反应以及无机成分分解产生。热解的冷凝液体成分中含有甲苯、苯并芘、吡啶和喹啉等多种芳香类化合物。热解后的固体残渣进行扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和红外光谱（FTIR）分析,结果表明高温对柔性有机堵料的理化性能产生一定影响。     

Morphological and thermal characterization of zirconia/hydroxyapatite composites prepared via sol-gel for biomedical applications

The thermal behavior of pure ZrO₂ and hydroxyapatite (denoted as Z and HAp, respectively), as well as three composites with different content of Z and HAp (Z90HAp10, Z70HAp30 and Z50HAp50) prepared via sol-gel method has been studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and first-order derivative of TG up to 1200?°C under inert gas atmosphere. Dehydration, loss of alcohol and acetylacetone and a multi-step thermal decomposition processes has been identified by analyzing the gases evolved in each step by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Fresh samples of Z-rich composites undergo an abrupt ejection of material from the crucible around 200?°C with noticeable increase of the sample temperature. During the occurrence of this phenomenon FTIR spectra demonstrated the evolution of gases (CO, CO₂, acetone and ethylene) due to the simultaneous decomposition of acetylacetone and ethanol, not present in the samples calcined at 120?°C. As far as the structural study is concerned, pure Z crystallizes at 1000?°C in the monoclinic system, but the presence of HAp in the composite materials enables the crystallization of Z in the tetragonal phase. Finally, the amorphization degree increases with increasing the content of Z in all the composites treated at 600 and 1000?°C.     

基于热红联用分析的木质素热裂解动力学研究

利用热重红外联用系统对生物质的主要组分木质素进行了热裂解动力学研究.在用红外固体压片法研究木质素结构的基础上得到不同升温速率下木质素热裂解的热重曲线.实验结果表明,随着升温速率的增加,各个阶段的起始和终止温度向高温侧轻微移动,主反应区间增加;计算得到的木质素两阶段活化能分别为58.41 kJ/mol和119.98 kJ/mol.与纤维素热解气的联机红外分析谱图相比可知木质素热解过程中气体析出机理复杂,主要生成CO、CH4和呋喃等产物.     

应用TG-FTIR研究鹤岗烟煤的热解特性

采用TG-FTIR联用技术研究了鹤岗烟煤的热解过程。研究表明,在升温速率为30℃/min时,该煤的热解过程可以分为4个阶段,其中在430～650℃区间发生剧烈热解反应,DTG曲线在489℃时出现最大值。热解气体的逸出情况由FTIR进行实时检测,并且定性分析了CH4、CO2、CO和焦油的析出情况。通过比较TG/DTG曲线和FTIR数据,发现TG和FTIR的分析结果是一致的。假定煤热解反应为一级反应模型,分不同的温度区间采用Coats-Redfern法求解煤热解反应动力学参数,计算结果与实验符合较好。     

A new intumescent flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen: Preparation,thermal properties and application to UV curable coating

A novel intumescent flame retardant piperazine-N,N′-bis(acryloxyethylaryl-phosphoramidate) (N-PBAAP) containing phosphorus and nitrogen used for UV curable coating was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), ¹H and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonances (NMRs). The thermal degradation and volatilized products of the N-PBAAP cured film were monitored by real time Fourier transform infrared (RT-FTIR) and thermal gravimetric-Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) technique, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to investigate the surface morphology of the residual char. And possible mechanism for the thermal degradation of N-PBAAP film was proposed. To investigate the flame retardancy of N-PBAAP in UV curable coatings, a series of UV curable intumescent flame retardant resins were obtained by blending N-PBAAP with EA (epoxy acrylate oligomer) in different ratios. The flammability and thermal properties of the cured films were studied by Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In MCC test, the peak heat release rates (pHRRs) of the blends were all lowered by the addition of N-PBAAP comparing with the pure EA. And TG results revealed that N-PBAAP can greatly enhance the char residues of EA films at high temperature region.     

聚氨酯(PU)泡沫塑料的受热过程

采用不同的加热方式,在升温速率为10 K/min时,研究聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PU)受热过程中的变化规律.采用热重-红外(TG-FTIR)联用测试方法,研究PU的热解特性,同时研究了其热分解过程中气体产物的释放规律.在烧结影像仪中观察试样加热过程中的膨胀收缩变形,确定其熔融和流动温度,试样受热过程中无熔融现象,最后炭化.     

超级铝热剂Al/Fe_2O_3对硝化棉热分解特性的影响

采用水热法制备了纳米Fe_2O_3,并用超声分散法将其与纳米Al颗粒复合制备了超级铝热剂Al/Fe_2O_3,利用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电镜及能量散射光谱仪(SEM-EDS)对复合物的物相、组成、形貌和结构进行了分析表征,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热红联用技术(TG-FTIR)研究了Al/Fe_2O_3对硝化棉(NC)热分解过程的影响。结果表明,Al/Fe_2O_3-NC和NC的热分解过程遵循Avrami-Erofeev方程f(α)=1.5(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]1/3;超级铝热剂Al/Fe_2O_3可降低硝化棉的表观活化能、临界点火温度和临界爆炸温度,在促进硝化棉O-NO_2键断裂和凝聚相二次自催化反应中起到至关重要的作用。