Influence of diurnal and seasonal temperature variations on the detection of corrosion in reinforced concrete by acoustic emission

Chloride rich reinforced concrete prisms were coupled to chloride-free prisms and exposed to diurnal and seasonal temperature cycles typical of those found in the UK. Acoustic emissions (AE) and galvanic currents were continuously monitored and correlated with ambient temperature. AE and galvanic currents were found to emulate the evolution of temperature in the diurnal cycles, although no specific relationship between AE and galvanic current could be obtained. The influence of seasonal variations in galvanic current had no obvious influence on AE Energy per second over the range of corrosion rates studied. The findings suggest that AE is more sensitive to short term (diurnal) changes in corrosion rates than the longer (seasonal) effects. It was hypothesised that this is due to transitory changes in the internal microclimate of the concrete.     

磁场深冷处理对合金钢力学性能的影响

对4Cr13、65Mn、60Si2Mn三种工业用钢分别进行了常规淬火、深冷处理和磁场深冷处理，并对经处理后的试样进行了力学性能测试。试验结果表明，深冷处理能提高钢的硬度、强度、冲击韧度和耐磨性，而磁场深冷处理的强韧化效果又明显超过常规深冷处理的。     

钕及固溶处理对AM60合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了稀土钕的添加及固溶处理对AM60镁合金显微组织和常温力学性能的影响。结果表明:稀土Nd的加入能显著提高合金的抗拉强度σb、屈服强度σ0.2、伸长率δ。AM60合金中加入Nd后,与Al形成针状的稀土化合物Al11Nd3,使合金中的γ相Mg17Al12数量减少,合金组织得到细化。固溶处理(T4)后,-γMg17Al12相溶解,热稳定性较高的稀土化合物相并未溶解,使合金的抗拉强度进一步提高。AM60-1.5%Nd合金具有最好的显微组织和力学性能,但Nd加入量过高,反而使合金的性能降低。     

Thermal error measurement and modelling in machine tools.: Part I. Influence of varying operating conditions

Thermal error in machine tools has been observed to be closely linked to the temperature of critical elements of the machine. It was found, in the experiments conducted herein, that there was a significant increase in the axis positioning error on account of an increase in the temperature of the machine elements due to continuous operation. However, it was also observed that the specific operating parameters of the test cycles carried out also significantly affected the positioning error. Different sets of operating parameters generated significantly different error values even though the temperature of the machine elements generated by those operating conditions was similar. As such, this observation forms a very important consideration in the development of a generic thermal error compensation system. It appears to indicate that such a system needs to be capable of evaluating the compensation depending upon the temperature values of the machine elements as well as account for the effect that different operating parameters induce upon the positioning error under the same thermal condition of the machine. This paper attempts to analyse the thermal behaviour of a three-axis vertical machining centre under the influence of various operating parameters and, through the experimental results obtained, point out and explain the effect of these parameters on the axis positioning error. This behaviour forms the basis of an improved modelling methodology that is presented separately in Part II of this paper.     

SURFACE MODIFICATION ON STEEL BY RARE EARTH AND LASER TREATMENT

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扩散处理对Si3N4陶瓷与金属钎焊接头的强化作用

用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射仪分析和讨论了复合电镀Ni-Ti陶瓷与金属钎焊接头的强度、微观结构和其界面结合机制。试验表明：扩散处理对陶瓷与金属钎焊接头有强化作用。经辉光扩散处理后，Ti向陶瓷界面扩散，Ni-Ti层与陶瓷发生界面反应。     

4Cr5MoSiV1钢热轧辊的热处理工艺试验研究

从提高4Cr5MoSiV1钢热轧辊的辊面硬度的角度出发,对于4Cr5MoSiV1钢的热处理工艺进行试验研究,分析了4Cr5MoSiV1钢热处理工艺参数对其性能的影响,所得到的工艺使轧辊辊面硬度和机械性能得到改善,在生产过程中使用良好。     

提高GCr15钢制冷冲模使用寿命的探讨

对GCr15钢制冷冲模采用双细化处理后,细化了晶粒和碳化物,增加了位错马氏体的数量,同时也增加了残余奥氏体量,有效地提高了GCr15钢的强韧性,从而提高GCr15钢制冷冲模的寿命。     

铌和热处理对高铬铸铁组织性能的影响

在无钼高铬铸铁中加入适量铌和锰,研究了热处理工艺对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明:加铌并配合高温淬火-亚临界回火工艺,可改善共晶碳化物的形态和分布,并产生明显的二次硬化。试验合金的宏观硬度与Cr15Mo1Cu1高铬铸铁相当,而抗磨性优于后者。     

热处理生产的环保与节能

用实例与数据简述了热处理生产中的环境污染,以及热处理生产中的能源使用情况,并根据人们对环境和能源需求的状况提出了在热处理生产过程中必须注意环境保护和节约能源。