Digital Doppelgängers: Future Scanscapes

Over the course of the last two years, ScanLAB Projects have explored various fragments of the natural and man-made world through the eyes of their forensic measuring machine. From surface mapping of Arctic ice floes in the Fram Strait (gateway to the Arctic) to the documentation of torture and detention sites in the Balkans, via the accidental editing of a Richard Long sculpture, to purposeful acts of detail theft from Foster and Wren. Here, Matthew Shaw and William Trossell discuss the capture, analysis and refabrication of their digital architectural doppelgängers.     

世博会英国馆裙房大悬挑折板结构设计与分析

世博会英国馆周边裙房的钢筋混凝土异形结构给结构设计带来巨大挑战,常规的计算分析方法已不再适用。通过采用平面框架模型和空间三维有限元模型的不同建模方法,解决了不同的结构难题,为该复杂结构的设计实现提供了思路。还通过利用多种结构软件对周边裙房及其基础进行的受力分析,得出一些有益的分析结论和设计体会,为今后类似工程提供参考借鉴。     

英国乡村规划空间尺度的经验与启示

英国拥有完善的城乡规划体系,关于乡村规划空间尺度的研究成果与实践经验非常丰富。文章从英国乡村问题与规划尺度之关系出发,系统梳理了英国乡村规划发展演变的几个阶段和几种类型,总结了英国乡村规划空间尺度的特征,一是乡村问题有多个层次,二是乡村问题的空间尺度决定了规划尺度,三是英国乡村规划已经形成体系。通过分析中英乡村问题的共同特征,得出英国经验对我国乡村规划的参考和启示,建议扩大乡村规划的对象,扩大乡村规划作为区域规划的特征,深入分解乡村问题、制定规划目标,以及依据乡村问题尺度选择合适的规划尺度,以解决目前我国乡村规划的困境。     

Particle loss: An initial investigation into size effects and stress-dilatancy

Drained triaxial tests have been performed to explore the effect of particle loss on shearing behaviour and critical states in granular mixtures. The mixtures comprise Leighton Buzzard sand (d₅₀ = 0.8 mm), to which was added 15% by mass of salt particles of different nominal sizes: 0.063 mm, 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm. Shearing behaviours before and after particle loss (by dissolution) were compared. A good fit is observed between the test data and a stress-dilatancy relationship for the post-dissolution tests, highlighting the ability of the stress-dilatancy analysis as a means to interpret the effects of particle loss on shearing. It was noted that critical state strength parameter M is determined by the post-dissolution grading regardless of size of removed particle. However, the duration of contractant volumetric strain increased with the larger removed particles (0.25 mm & 0.5 mm) even when initial specific volumes were virtually identical. It is suggested that a loose volumetric state is reached if the sand particle network is initially disrupted by the amount and/or size of salt particles, which following dissolution results in structural or fabric phenomena that are not reflected in scalar volumetric measures such as specific volume.     

Home energy efficiency and radon: An observational study

Exposure to radon gas is the second leading cause of lung cancer worldwide behind smoking. Changing the energy characteristics of a dwelling can influence both its thermal and ventilative properties, which can affect indoor air quality. This study uses radon measurements made in 470 689 UK homes between 1980 and 2015, linked to dwelling information contained within the Home Energy Efficiency Database (HEED). The linked dataset, the largest of its kind, was used to analyze the association of housing and energy performance characteristics with indoor radon concentrations in the UK. The findings show that energy efficiency measures that increase the airtightness of properties are observed to have an adverse association with indoor radon levels. Homes with double glazing installed had radon measurements with a significantly higher geometric mean, 67% (95% CI: 44, 89) greater than those without a recorded fabric retrofit. Those with loft insulation (47%, 95% CI: 26, 69) and wall insulation (32%, 95% CI: 11, 53) were also found to have higher radon readings. Improving the energy performance of the UK's housing stock is vital in meeting carbon emission reduction targets. However, compromising indoor air quality must be avoided through careful assessment and implementation practices.     

英国住房供应体系与规划政策新观察

重点回顾了现代英国与住房供应制度相关的规划政策变迁,为读者提供了一个清晰的制度演变历程。同时,也介绍了英国现行的住房供应体系的构成及演变过程。在同欧美其他国家的比较中,分析了现代英国住房供应制度的特点以及形成这些特点的原因。结合现代英国规划制度的特征,解读近年来英国房地产市场变化的特点。通过对英国经验的总结,获得我国住房供应体系值得借鉴的内容。     

大事件中的小建筑 解读2010年上海世博会英国馆

2010年上海世博会英国馆,作为大事件之下的小建筑,以小而获得了功能分化、技术简化、形式纯化以及建筑展品同构化等特征,并进一步催生相应的场地、表皮、图像以及概念,使它们紧密联系。建筑各部分,从形态到细部,从方案到施工都统一在连续的线索中。英国馆对于小的关注,实是对建筑自身问题的关注,这为中国大量且快速的建筑实践提供了启示。     

The smart city and its publics: insights from across six UK cities

In response to policy-makers’ increasing claims to prioritise ‘people’ in smart city development, we explore the publicness of emerging practices across six UK cities: Bristol, Glasgow, London, Manchester, Milton Keynes, and Peterborough. Local smart city programmes are analysed as techno-public assemblages invoking variegated modalities of publicness. Our findings challenge the dystopian speculative critiques of the smart city, while nevertheless indicating the dominance of ‘entrepreneurial’ and ‘service user’ modes of the public. We highlight the risk of bifurcation within smart city assemblages, such that the ‘civic’ and ‘political’ roles of the public become siloed into less obdurate strands of programmatic activity.     

英国可持续发展战略编制体系及实施策略

近年来,英国在推进实施可持续发展方面取得了较大进展。在国家、区域、地方及社区各个层面编制了可持续发展战略及行动计划,并通过各种实施性、示范性项目推动可持续发展战略在全社会及各个行业的实施。如何编制可持续发展战略,建立完整的编制体系和采取有效的实施策略是我国实施可持续发展战略亟待解决的问题。通过若干实例介绍了英国可持续发展战略的编制体系及其实施策略,并提出了我国实施可持续发展战略需要注意的问题。