利用VSP资料标定层位

VSP(垂直地震剖面)资料是连结钻井资料和地面地震剖面的天然桥梁,合成记录只能做参考。了解VSP资料和地面地震剖面在记录方式、基准面选择、低降速带校正方法以及资料处理过程是用好VSP资料、做好层位标定的前提。     

声波测井与VSP测井平均速度的对比分析

与 VSP测井求取的地层平均速度相比,用声波速度测井求取的地层平均速度存在着-定的误差。这种误差主要是声波测井过程中的时间累积误差所致。误差的大小与所测井的井况、所测的井段及该井段的地层情况密切相关。因此,在使用声波测井平均速度进行层位标定和时深转换时,必须先对其存在的误差予以校正,才能使之满足日益提高的勘探精度要求。     

VSP纵、横波联合解释及应用

利用非零偏ＶＳＰ上行转换ＳＶ波,求得ＳＶ ＣＤＰ深度剖面和ＳＶ ＣＤＰ时间剖面,借助ＳＶ ＣＤＰ深度剖面与ＳＶ ＣＤＰ时间剖面特征相似的特点,对井所在地区横波勘探解释提供地质属性标定依据。由下行Ｐ波和转换ＳＶ波下行波场,坟得各地层纵、横波速度比和泊松比参数,与地层岩性进行比较,对储集层含油气特征预以评价。     

VSP正演模拟研究西湖凹陷多次波形成机制

西湖凹陷地震资料品质普遍较差,其主要原因是该区地震地质条件的显著特点是砂泥岩薄互层发育,速度和密度不存在大的突变或大的台阶状变化,难以形成强反射界面,决定了地震层间多次波发育。众所周知,地震多次波压制一直是地球物理学界的难题,为了解决这一难题,利用VSP正演模拟研究西湖凹陷的多次波形成机制,识别产生多次波的主要界面或层段,为数字处理中压制多次波提供依据。研究思路是以西湖凹陷实际钻井资料为基础,研究多次波的运动学规律与动力学特征,然后用VSP正演模拟等手段找出产生多次波的主要层段或界面,确定多次波的相对强度及影响有效波的主要多次波类型。研究结果得知该区所有较强的反射界面都可产生多次波,影响地震成像质量的多次波类型是各种不同路径的多次波叠加后的复合多次波。     

VSP测井数据库系统研发与效果分析

VSP数据库系统是一个在国内首次集VSP外业采集、资料处理、标定对比和成果应用的技术数据管理及应用平台,建立了VSP外业采集的地震辅助数据标准,处理流程标准和成果格式标准,使物探行业不但能更好地适应国际、国内勘探市场的要求,也为VSP数据的规范化管理创造了一种手段和条件。另一方面,该系统将有关VSP数据和研究的所有信息有效地关联起来,使其在地震解释标定计算中得以充分利用,从而有效地解决了以往VSP数据没有集中管理和计算工具落后产生的一些难题。本系统实现了准噶尔盆地VSP数据的集中式数据库管理,提高了VSP数据管理水平与应用效率,具有较高的生产应用价值。     

利用零偏VSP资料提高地面地震资料分辨率的方法及其应用研究

随着VSP采集技术的改进,零偏VSP资料的质量明显提高。如果仅仅利用零偏VSP资料求取速度或标定层位,则其中所包含的丰富的地震信息不能得到充分利用。提出利用零偏VSP资料获得地层品质因子Q,通过叠前反Q滤波和叠后VSP子波反褶积,对地面地震资料进行频率与能量补偿的方法。实际应用效果表明,该方法能提高三维地震资料的纵向分辨率和油气地震勘探的精度。     

VSP各向异性矢量波场分离方法研究及其应用

本文介绍了一种基于各向异性(TI)介质假设的非零井源距三维三分量VSP矢量波场分离方法。该方法将经过一次旋转的共炮点数据,使用非线性约束SQP算法反演求得检波点附近的各向异性Thomsen参数,根据介质的各向异性性质,计算每个波场(上、下行纵波和上、下行横波)的传播角度、慢度和极化矢量。在频率域使用正则化的最小广义逆算法求出每种波的傅里叶振幅分量,再反变换到时间域得到分离后的各种波场。通过对非零井源距三分量VSP模型试算、实际资料处理以及与各向同性参数反演矢量法结果对比分析,验证了该方法的可行性和优越性。     

零偏VSP叠前资料中的低频阴影检测

本文选用零偏VSP叠前资料,利用广义S变换进行低频阴影分析,并借助VSP观测方式中可将井下检波器靠近目的层的特点,直接接收来自目的层的上行波和下行波信号,提高分析质量。本文还给出低频阴影属性分析流程及相应的处理方法。实际数据试算结果表明,应用低频阴影检测方法可指示油气的存在。     

Response of Shiraz grapevines to five different training systems in the Barossa Valley, Australia

Own‐rooted Shiraz, spaced 1.5 m apart in 2.75 m wide rows, were compared under five different training systems in the Barossa Valley, South Australia over five seasons starting 1995–96. Our objective was to determine how training affected fruit composition and crop yield in a context of efficient vineyard management. Training systems were: (i) low single wire (LSW), in which vines were trained to bi‐lateral cordons, 1.0 m above the ground, non‐shoot‐positioned; (ii) high single wire (HSW), a higher cordon (1.8 m) version of LSW; (iii) vertically shoot positioned (VSP); (iv) Scott Henry, where canopies of alternate vines were cordon‐trained and shoot‐positioned upwards (SHU) or downwards (SHD); and (v) minimally pruned (MIN), the same as LSW, except vines were not annually spur‐pruned. Crop yields (kg/m of row), over four seasons, averaged 4.9 (MIN), 2.9 (combined Scott Henry), 3.2 (VSP), 2.6 (HSW) and 2.9 (LSW). The greatest year‐to‐year variation in yield occurred with MIN and Scott Henry training. Crop weight of SHD vines was inferior to that of SHU vines in two seasons due to fewer shoots and bunches per vine, and to fewer bunches per shoot. Individual berry weights (g) were consistently least with MIN (0.89), and greatest with VSP (1.17). Fruit from all training systems exhibited similar rates of sugar accumulation during two seasons in which repeated measures of fruit maturation were made. Excepting the relatively light yields observed in 1999–2000, sugar accumulation was delayed in MIN vines, relative to other training systems, even when MIN harvest was delayed up to two weeks. The delay is most readily explained by the greater crops of MIN vines. Berry total anthocyanins and total phenolics concentrations (mg/g berry fresh wt.) at harvest were not greatly affected by training system. Berry anthocyanins and total phenolics exhibited a negative relationship with crop/m of canopy and a slight positive relationship with bunch exposure when evaluated across all training systems. Experimental plot soil depth and water availability affected cane pruning weights, yield per vine, berry weight, and canopy characteristics. LSW, HSW and MIN training systems all provided good yields of high quality fruit, although MIN did have a tendency to produce excessive crops in some years. VSP and Scott Henry training were less attractive due to their inherently greater canopy management requirements.     

基于弱光栅阵列相位载波解调的分布式井中地震勘探技术研究

分布式光纤声波传感被认为是现有油气资源勘探中最有应用前景的技术,但传统光纤分布式地震勘探利用的光纤本征瑞利散射存在强度随机涨落、偏振衰落等问题,导致解调声场不稳定,系统噪声较高。利用在光纤中插入大量反射率不足1/1 000的全同弱光栅阵列替代瑞利散射,使后向光稳定性显著增强,并采用相位载波解调实现了光纤分布式声波传感(distributed fiber acoustic sensor, DAS)系统噪声的压制。实验室测试结果表明,基于全同弱光栅阵列相位载波解调的DAS系统频响范围可达0.1～320.0 Hz,本底噪声平均约为■,满足了地震检波的需求。现场井中VSP地震资料采集实验表明,全同弱光栅阵列采集到的地震数据信噪比约为传统单模光纤分布式采集数据信噪比的2.5～3.0倍,VSP资料质量有显著提升,为下一代新型光纤分布式地震勘探技术提供了一种有效解决方案。