城市河流水利风景资源开发研究

城市河流水利风景资源开发具有积极的现实意义,是当地城市旅游的重要组成部分之一。在对水利风景资源进行分类的基础上,构建了城市河流水利风景资源开发评价体系。以广东省肇庆市西江三峡为案例,进行了城市河流水利风景资源开发实证研究。     

水源区生态补偿机制理论框架研究

建立和完善水源区生态补偿机制,对保护水源区生态环境以及地区之间的协调可持续发展至关重要。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,从生态保护成本(或效益)外部性问题内部化,依据"公平、公开、公正"和"谁受益谁补偿、谁破坏谁治理"的原则,提出了水源区生态补偿概念;从生态补偿主客体的划分,补偿标准,补偿模式与补偿方式,补偿保障措施等方面提出了水源区生态补偿机制理论框架,为建立和完善水源区生态补偿机制提供理论参考。     

祁连山区三大内陆河近50年来出山径流特征分析

利用祁连山区三大内陆河的出山径流控制站——杂木寺、莺落峡和昌马堡水文站1956-2006年的实测月年径流数据系列,应用数值分析、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、Hurst指数分析等多种方法,分析了祁连山区出山径流近51年的年际变化特征。结果表明:三大水系的径流年际变化中,都存在突变时刻,但具体年份不同;径流总趋势为石羊河在减少,特别是20世纪90年代的降幅很大,黑河和疏勒河为增加的趋势,疏勒河在1997年发生了由小变大的显著突变;指数分析表明黑河的持续性最强,石羊河最弱。     

Experimental energy analysis of a stand-alone photovoltaic-based water pumping installation

Maturity of the photovoltaic (PV) technology is emphasized by the numerous types of applications encountered nowadays. One of the most interesting applications, however, is the use of PV units for pumping water, i.e. the implementation of PV pumping systems (PVPSs) in order to cover both irrigation and potable water needs, especially in remote areas where connection to the local grid is not always feasible. To further establish the utilization of such systems, the performance of a typical PVPS is currently examined. For this purpose, both the efficiency of the system and the ability to transfer water are determined. Detailed measurements provided by a series of experiments are used, while for increased reliability of the results presented, an error analysis is accordingly carried out. Finally, from the results obtained, one may argue that a similar PVPS not only comprises an environmentally friendly solution but also contributes substantially to the satisfaction of remote communities’ water consumption needs.     

塔里木盆地志留系油气成藏主控因素及勘探方向

塔里木盆地志留系主要发育四套储盖组合,油气藏类型主要有构造油气藏、地层遮挡油气藏、构造-岩性油气藏、砂岩上倾尖灭油气藏四种;油气成藏主控因素主要为构造演化、沉积储层及保存条件;综合构造、沉积演化及储层和已知油气藏分析认为塔里木志留系有三种潜在的油气藏类型:地层超覆岩性油气藏、不整合遮挡油气藏、沥青砂遮挡油气藏,并指出了下步有利勘探方向。     

A study of ultraviolet solar radiation at Cairo urban area, Egypt

The monthly mean values of global, G, and ultraviolet, UV, solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface at Cairo urban area during the two different periods (1969–1973) and (1993–1997) are presented, analyzed and compared. The effect of urbanization processes on the solar radiation components is investigated and discussed. It was found that the total radiation of the two components, G and UV received at the urban area of Cairo during the period (1969–1973) highly exceeds the radiation received during the period (1993–1997) for all months of the year. The mean relative reduction of G and UV reached 17.4% and 27.4% respectively. A significant correlation between G and UV radiation has been established and the recommended correlation equation has been stated to estimate the values of UV radiation that are difficult to measure at any site in the zone of Lower Egypt. Also, a comparative study of the two radiation components, G and UV, at urban (Cairo) and rural (Bahtim) areas during the period (1993–1997) revealed that the urban area always has values of G and UV radiation distinctly lower than that found in rural area for all months of the year. Urban–rural mean reduction of G and UV reached 7.0% and 17.9% respectively. The ratio of the ultraviolet to global radiation (UV/G) are calculated and compared with other sites in the Arabian Peninsula. The effect of atmospheric dust on the measured solar radiation components is also investigated and discussed.     

含局部减薄缺陷管道的极限载荷与安全评定

运用正交实验设计和弹塑性有限元分析相结合的方法 ,对含局部减薄缺陷压力管道的极限载荷进行了研究 ,分析了局部减薄缺陷对管子极限载荷的影响因素。研究结果表明 ,缺陷的深度是管子极限载荷 (内压和弯矩 )的主要影响因素 ,而缺陷的周向长度和轴向长度分别对管子的极限内压和弯矩的影响较小。据此研究结果 ,提出了含局部减薄缺陷压力管道在内压和弯矩联合作用下的安全评定方法     

地下水的合理开发利用在南水北调中的作用

在系统阐述地下水资源概念和地下水含水层特点的基础上，分析了南水北调受水区地下水开采现状，探讨了解决城市和农村地下水超采的措施，利用地下水超采形成的地下库容调蓄当地降雨径流和引江水、合理开发利用地下水提高水资源利用率和利用改造咸水、防止土壤盐碱化等在南水北调中的作用。     

宁夏青铜峡河西灌区水文及水文地质参数研究

对宁夏青铜峡河西灌区几个主要的水文及水文地质参数 ,如给水系数、降雨入渗补给系数、灌溉入渗补给系数、灌溉回归系数、潜水蒸发系数、渗透系数进行较深入的探讨 ,重点分析这些参数的定义及其变化机理 ,特别是变值给水度、次降雨入渗补给系数等与传统概念的差别 ,并简要说明这些参数的确定方法 ,最后还分别给出研究区不同分区的参数数值。     

重力浓缩过程中底流浓度和比浓缩面积的确定

研究了重力浓缩过程中特征浓度线与沉积曲线之间的关系,利用两相流波理论分析了特征浓度线的初始性质．在此基础上,推导出计算连续浓缩机底流浓度和比浓缩面积的公式,并验证了这种新方法的可行性．