A Discussion of the Compound Sand Control Technique of High Pressure Packing and Moderate Acidification

Acidification can both eliminate formation damage and improve flow passage, which can be good for improving single well productivity. Based on this, the authors bring up the thought of moderate acidification technique for sandstone reservoir, and combine it with high pressure packing technique, and one step further, presents a compound sand control technique of high pressure packing and moderate acidification. At the same time, the authors preliminarily discuss the main points of this technique and analyze its mechanism of sand control and yield increase as well as its adaptability. The main purpose of this technique is to clean out the clay and mud in the immediate vicinity of wellbore, decrease the fine content or the particle size in that area, enlarge the seepage channel, and fill in optimized gravel, so as to make it conducive for transpiring the fine sand in the formation and keeping the gravel layer unblocked, as a result making the sand control life prolonged and single-well productivity raised. The keys of this compound technique are moderate acidification and gravel size optimization.     

浅析双桦煤田成煤规律

通过对双桦煤田含煤地层的研究 ,总结出了双桦煤田的一般成煤规律。     

Shil’nikov chaos in the oxidation of formic acid with bismuth ion on Pt ring electrode

We report experimental observations of potential oscillations in electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid with bismuth ion on the Pt ring electrode. Potential oscillations were investigated under galvanostatic conditions. The presence of bismuth ion enables to get the low and stable potential values at larger current range. Periodic and Shil’nikov chaotic potential oscillations were observed at fixed current. To extract information from the oscillation pattern, we used time series, reconstructed attractor, next-maximum map, pattern formation of interfacial potential above ring electrode.     

Si nanowires by a single-step metal-assisted chemical etching process on lithographically defined areas: formation kinetics

In this paper, we investigate the formation kinetics of Si nanowires [SiNWs] on lithographically defined areas using a single-step metal-assisted chemical etching process in an aqueous HF/AgNO₃ solution. We show that the etch rate of Si, and consequently, the SiNW length, is much higher on the lithographically defined areas compared with that on the non-patterned areas. A comparative study of the etch rate in the two cases under the same experimental conditions showed that this effect is much more pronounced at the beginning of the etching process. Moreover, it was found that in both cases, the nanowire formation rate is linear with temperature in the range from 20°C to 50°C, with almost the same activation energy, as obtained from an Arrhenius plot (0.37 eV in the case of non-patterned areas, while 0.38 eV in the case of lithographically patterned areas). The higher etch rate on lithographically defined areas is mainly attributed to Si surface modification during the photolithographic process.PACS: 68; 68.65-k.     

EDC裂解炉的节能改造

介绍了对EDC裂解炉所进行的节能改造情况，将裂解炉的上部作为预热器使用，在对流段和辐射段之间增加裂解气热量回收装置，并增加EDC预热器。计算了改造前后裂解炉的能耗，结果表明改造后裂解炉可节能23．5％，每年可节约C4燃料费用1650万元。     

Mpas封隔器和均衡器组合完井在漏失油层的现场应用

Mpas封隔器和均衡器组合的完井系统应用于水平生产井,可以分隔不同特性的产层,并实现整个水平段的均衡开采,提高采收率。文章简要介绍了Mpas封隔器和均衡器的工作原理及特征,说明了其在阿美公司的应用情况。并根据KHRS-309井的施工作业,分析了该完井系统的应用工况,叙述了该完井方式的具体组合、下入程序、坐封封隔器过程等作业程序,分析了作业特点及注意事项,对类似钻井工况下完井方式的选择以及该完井方式的施工作业过程有一定的参考及借鉴作用。     

庚烯与H2S在酸性催化剂上反应机理研究I-硫醇等生成机理

 为了研究催化裂化汽油中硫化物的生成机理,在小型固定流化床(FFB)装置中考察了不同质量分数的庚烯与H₂S在固体酸催化剂上的反应.结果表明, 庚烯与H₂S的反应主要生成噻吩类硫化物、部分硫醇、少量硫醚和痕量四氢噻吩等硫化物；庚烯质量分数越高,生成硫化物的量越多; 噻吩类硫化物中生成量最大的甲基苯并噻吩的生成量也随着庚烯质量分数增加而线性增长.烯烃在催化剂B酸活性中心上吸附形成正碳离子, 正碳离子与H₂S结合生成硫醇,硫醇的生成遵循正碳离子机理.硫醇与烯烃反应生成硫醚.当反应温度为400～500℃,庚烯与H₂S反应中,生成硫醇、硫醚的反应均为放热反应,硫醇的平衡收率较低,硫醚的平衡收率更低一些.     

单角煤粉炉中NO_x生成的数值模拟

根据 NO产生和分解的化学反应规律 ,建立了 NOx 生成模型。在单角炉热态实验的基础上 ,对波纹钝体和直流喷口后多个截面上的 NO生成速率和浓度进行了数值模拟。将计算所得的 NOx 生成总浓度与实测值进行了比较 ,验证了计算的可靠性。还讨论了影响 NOx 生成的因素 ,以及反应级数的大小。     

Electrochemistry of anodic etching of 4H and 6H–SiC in fluoride solution of pH 3

Electrochemical etching of single-crystal SiC rotating disk electrodes in fluoride solution was studied at pH 3. Anodic dissolution and passivation are observed for p-type electrodes in the dark and for n-type electrodes under illumination. The dissolution of p-type (0 0 0 1) 4H–SiC is found to be under mixed transport/kinetic control; the diffusion current is first order in fluoride concentration. Polishing of p-type electrodes can be achieved at rates up to 5.8 μm/min. Porous etching was not observed in this case. The surface finish of n-type (0 0 0 1) 4H and 6H–SiC depends on the experimental conditions; both uniform and porous etching are observed. The results are compared with those of Si under comparable conditions.     

Displacement threshold and Frenkel pair formation energy in ionic systems

Displacement threshold energies (E_d) and Frenkel pair formation energies (E_Fp) are investigated in detail by molecular dynamics computer simulation for three different ionic systems with the same crystal structure, MgO, SrO and NaCl in order to see if there is a functional relationship between them. It is found that there are wide variations in the values of E_d depending on the direction in which energy is imparted to a static atom in the lattice. Large values of E_d are found along the major crystallographic directions and lower values elsewhere. Typically these thresholds are between 5 and 9 times bigger than the Frenkel pair formation energies E_Fp with no observable dependence on mass or ion charge. The differences in the interaction potentials also means that for any given direction, there is only limited correlation between values of E_d in the different systems studied and no quantifiable relationship with E_Fp.