建龙化工新建150 kt/a硫磺制酸装置的几个特点

为保证原有4 500 kW发电机组满负荷运行的蒸汽供给及考虑当地硫酸市场的需求,新建一套150 kt/a硫磺制酸装置.该装置以原120 kt/a硫磺制酸装置的设计为蓝本,进行一定改进.在装置设备的选型配套、熔硫工序的挖潜改造、严冬季节土建施工、风机噪音消除等方面采取了相应措施.装置开车以来运行良好,达到设计要求.     

XQG型石墨二合一氯化氢蒸汽炉及其应用效益

本文对XQG型石墨二合一氯化氢蒸汽炉的结构、性能进行了介绍,并分析了其应用效益。     

Autotaxin Has a Negative Role in Systemic Inflammation

The pathogenesis of sepsis involves complex interactions and a systemic inflammatory response leading eventually to multiorgan failure. Autotaxin (ATX, ENPP2) is a secreted glycoprotein largely responsible for the extracellular production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which exerts multiple effects in almost all cell types through its at least six G-protein-coupled LPA receptors (LPARs). Here, we investigated a possible role of the ATX/LPA axis in sepsis in an animal model of endotoxemia as well as in septic patients. Mice with 50% reduced serum ATX levels showed improved survival upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation compared to their littermate controls. Similarly, mice bearing the inducible inactivation of ATX and presenting with >70% decreased ATX levels were even more protected against LPS-induced endotoxemia; however, no significant effects were observed upon the chronic and systemic transgenic overexpression of ATX. Moreover, the genetic deletion of LPA receptors 1 and 2 did not significantly affect the severity of the modelled disease, suggesting that alternative receptors may mediate LPA effects upon sepsis. In translation, ATX levels were found to be elevated in the sera of critically ill patients with sepsis in comparison with their baseline levels upon ICU admission. Therefore, the results indicate a role for ATX in LPS-induced sepsis and suggest possible therapeutic benefits of pharmacologically targeting ATX in severe, systemic inflammatory disorders.     

羧酸和乙酸酐合成甲基酮的研究

酮是化学化工行业应用广泛的重要中间体,其常见的合成方法这些年来不断有新的报道。文章研究了以常见的羧酸和乙酸酐为起始原料合成甲基酮的方法。该方法实施简单,产物收率62%～89%,为酮提供了一种未见文献报道的合成新方法。     

CALMODULIN1 and WRKY53 Function in Plant Defense by Negatively Regulating the Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway in Arabidopsis

Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important hormone that functions in plant defense. cam1 and wrky53 mutants were more resistant to Spodoptera littoralis than in the wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis group. In addition, JA concentration in cam1 and wrky53 mutants was higher compared with the WT group. To explore how these two proteins affect the resistance of Arabidopsis plants, we used a yeast two-hybrid assay, firefly luciferase complementation imaging assay and in vitro pull-down assay confirming that calmodulin 1 (CAM1) interacted with WRKY53. However, these two proteins separate when calcium concentration increases in Arabidopsis leaf cells. Then, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase activation assay were used to verify that WRKY53 could bind to lipoxygenases 3 (LOX3) and lipoxygenases 4 (LOX4) gene promoters and negatively regulate gene expression. This study reveals that CAM1 and WRKY53 negatively regulate plant resistance to herbivory by regulating the JA biosynthesis pathway via the dissociation of CAM1-WRKY53, then the released WRKY53 binds to the LOXs promoters to negatively regulate LOXs gene expression. This study reveals WRKY53′s mechanism in insect resistance, a new light on the function of WRKY53.     

Effects of Combining Biofactors on Bioenergetic Parameters,Aβ Levels and Survival in Alzheimer Model Organisms

Increased amyloid beta (Aβ) levels and mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) in the human brain characterize Alzheimer disease (AD). Folic acid, magnesium and vitamin B6 are essential micro-nutrients that may provide neuroprotection. Bioenergetic parameters and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing products were investigated in vitro in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells, expressing neuronal APP, and in vivo, in the invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans (CL2006 & GMC101) expressing muscular APP. Model organisms were incubated with either folic acid and magnesium-orotate (ID63) or folic acid, magnesium-orotate and vitamin B6 (ID64) in different concentrations. ID63 and ID64 reduced Aβ, soluble alpha APP (sAPPα), and lactate levels in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells. The latter might be explained by enhanced expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA). Micronutrient combinations had no effects on mitochondrial parameters in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells. ID64 showed a significant life-prolonging effect in C. elegans CL2006. Incubation of GMC101 with ID63 significantly lowered Aβ aggregation. Both combinations significantly reduced paralysis and thus improved the phenotype in GMC101. Thus, the combinations of the tested biofactors are effective in pre-clinical models of AD by interfering with Aβ related pathways and glycolysis.     

Bile Acid–Drug Interaction via Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 4C1 Is a Potential Mechanism of Altered Pharmacokinetics of Renally Excreted Drugs

Patients with liver diseases not only experience the adverse effects of liver-metabolized drugs, but also the unexpected adverse effects of renally excreted drugs. Bile acids alter the expression of renal drug transporters, however, the direct effects of bile acids on drug transport remain unknown. Renal drug transporter organic anion-transporting polypeptide 4C1 (OATP4C1) was reported to be inhibited by chenodeoxycholic acid. Therefore, we predicted that the inhibition of OATP4C1-mediated transport by bile acids might be a potential mechanism for the altered pharmacokinetics of renally excreted drugs. We screened 45 types of bile acids and calculated the IC₅₀, K_i values, and bile acid–drug interaction (BDI) indices of bile acids whose inhibitory effect on OATP4C1 was >50%. From the screening results, lithocholic acid (LCA), glycine-conjugated lithocholic acid (GLCA), and taurine-conjugated lithocholic acid (TLCA) were newly identified as inhibitors of OATP4C1. Since the BDI index of LCA was 0.278, LCA is likely to inhibit OATP4C1-mediated transport in clinical settings. Our findings suggest that dose adjustment of renally excreted drugs may be required in patients with renal failure as well as in patients with hepatic failure. We believe that our findings provide essential information for drug development and safe drug treatment in clinics.     

Rapid and Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Quantification of Glycyrrhetic Acid in Human Plasma

A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) for the determination of glycyrrhetic acid in human plasma with ginsenoside Rh2 as internal standard was developed and validated. The plasma samples were prepared via liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Venusil MP-C18(50 mm×2.1 mm, 5μm i.d.) column at 25℃. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate(10:90, volume ratio) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Negative electrospray ionization was utilized as the ionization source. Glycyrrhetic acid and internal standard were determined via the mutiple reaction monitoring of precursor→production ion transitions at m/z 469→425, 409 and m/z 621→161,respectively. Each sample was chromatographed within 2.5 min. The lower limit of uantification was 0.50 ng/mL for 200 μL of plasma sample and the linear range was from 0.50 ng/mL to 800 ng/mL. The intra-and inter-day precisions were less than 8.76% in terms of relative standard deviation(RSD), and the accuracy was within a range of -3.25%-1.32% in terms of relative error(RE). The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of glycyrrhetic acid in healthy male Chinese volunteers after a single oral administration of 75 mg of glycyrrhizin.