Dispirooxindole-β-Lactams: Synthesis via Staudinger Ketene-Imine Cycloaddition and Biological Evaluation

In this work, we present the first synthesis of dispirooxindole-β-lactams employing optimized methodology of one-pot Staudinger ketene-imine cycloaddition with N-aryl-2-oxo-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids as the ketene source. Spiroconjugation of indoline-2-one with β-lactams ring is considered to be able to provide stabilization and wide scope of functionalization to resulting scaffolds. The dispipooxindoles obtained demonstrated medium cytotoxicity in the MTT test on A549, MCF7, HEK293, and VA13 cell lines, and one of the compounds demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. coli strain LPTD.     

邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯树脂固化特性的研究

运用示差扫描量热(DSC)法研究了邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯(DAP)树脂的固化反应历程。讨论了引发剂对DAP固化特性的影响,并由DSC曲线得到了DAP树脂的固化工艺和动力学参数。通过固化度、FT-IR的测试对DAP树脂在中温条件下的固化情况进行了研究。结果表明:在过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)固化体系中引入BPO可以使DAP树脂在更低温度下引发固化;在BPO、DCP用量均为2%的条件下,确定了体系的凝胶温度、固化温度、后处理温度分别为:100.5℃,124.3℃,137.8℃,表观活化能为129.3 kJ/mol,反应级数为0.950。固化度、FTIR的测试结果表明:DAP树脂在中温条件下可以固化得较完全。     

磷酸酯化淀粉的高效湿法合成研究

本研究选用磷酸盐组合物,进行在低温下的淀粉高效磷酸酯化反应。结果表明,在湿法的低温条件下,采用适当的复合磷酸盐及反应促进体系,体系中淀粉浓度在40%～42%,磷酸氢二钠和磷酸二氢钠的比例为0.5,复合盐用量15%,pH保持在5～6之间,50℃反应5 h,Gx16在1%～5%的用量,可以显著提高淀粉的磷酸酯化程度(以结合磷含量表示),同时由于反应效率的提高,使湿法的反应均匀性,残留磷酸盐含量可控性,流程简洁、方便等优势得以突出,对比现实的生产工艺,该方法在稳定质量、节能降耗、减少污染排放等方面都极具优势,有重要的推广价值。     

杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮/环氧树脂共混体系固化反应动力学

采用热熔法制备了杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮(PPESK)/环氧树脂(E-51)共混物,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对共混物的固化反应动力学进行了研究。借助Ozawa和Kissinger等方法确定了PPESK增韧E-51体系的固化动力学参数,包括反应的表观活化能E,指前因子A和反应级数n;结果表明,采用新型高性能热塑性树脂PPESK增韧环氧树脂不仅在工艺上具有可行性,而且PPESK的加入降低了固化反应的表观活化能,促进了固化反应的进行。     

含硅聚氨酯的制备及其动力学研究

以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH550）、丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEA）、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、对甲酚为原料,制备含硅聚氨酯。用红外光谱对反应合成过程进行跟踪测定,发现端-NCO的聚氨酯预聚物和对甲基苯酚的封端反应在无催化剂条件下为二级反应,当加入催化剂三乙胺后该反应在发生初期为一级反应。无催化剂条件下该反应的活化能为46.96 kJ/mol,催化剂加入量为0.1%时反应的活化能为30.28 kJ/mol,催化剂加入量为0.3%时反应的活化能为18.16 kJ/mol,反应的活化能随催化剂加入量的增加而降低。     

中热固相法制备掺杂钛的钒酸锂正极材料

以Li2CO3和V2O5为原料,用中热固相法制备了掺杂Ti4+的锂离子电池正极材料Li1.1V3―yTiyO8(y=0.05、0.1、0.2),并对其电化学性能进行了研究。研究表明,掺杂Ti能够很好地改善中热固相法产品的电化学性能,且当y=0.1时,Li1.1V3―yTiyO8循环性能最好,首次放电比容量高达250.9 mAh/g。     

O2,金属电极/YSZ界面的电化学研究

本文利用交流阻抗和直流极化的电化学方法，比较了200～500℃氧在Pt、Ag、Au、Ag－Pd四种化学镀电极上的扩散，350～600℃氧在金属电极／YSZ界面的电化学反应速度以及阴阳电荷传递系数；计算了350～600℃四种电极的界面阻抗；研究了400℃时O2在Ag－Pd电极界面的交换电流密度Io与氧分压Po2的定量关系．     

Production of in situ aluminum-titanium diboride master alloy formed by slag-metal reaction

Al-TiB₂ master alloys have received much attention in recent years owing to their potential as efficient grain refiners for aluminum foundry alloys. In this study, the process of production of master alloys was investigated to develop a low cost method, namely, slag-metal reaction. This method can be used to fabricate Al-TiB₂ master alloy in situ from the TiO₂-H₃BO₃-Na₃AlF₆ and Al system. Since the price of the raw materials is low and the technology is simple, the processing technique appears to reduce the cost of the master alloy. Because of exothermic reactions, not much energy is needed to melt materials. In this process, Titanium diboride particles were formed in situ through the reactions of TiO₂, H₃BO₃ and Na₃AlF₆. Results showed that when the aluminum melted, the condensed TiB₂ particles that formed in situ were spherical with an average diameter of 1 μm. Furthermore, these TiB₂ particles were distributed uniformly through the master alloy.     

Structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of La2−xCaxNiO4+δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3)

The synthesis, structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of a new type of high permittivity materials La_2−xCa_xNiO_4+δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) (abbreviated as LCNs) were reported. The samples were prepared through conventional solid state reaction route. Detailed structural information was retrieved by Rietveld refinement; normalized bond length and bond valence was calculated to investigate the compression/dilation effect of bonds and atoms in unit cell. It can be found all samples belong to K₂NiF₄ structure with space group I4/mmm. Doping of Ca in La₂NiO_4+δ shrinks the unit cell and makes the structure tend to become instable. Three types of (La, Ca)-O bonds, and two kinds of Ni-O bonds exist in LCNs. Along c axis there are alternately compressed (La,Ca)O₉ dodecahedra and lengthened NiO₆ octahedra. Room temperature magnetic measurements show that the materials are paramagnetic and Ca doping can improve the spontaneous magnetization. Furthermore, all samples have colossal values of the dielectric constant (?) at frequencies lower than 1 kHz. Interestingly, La_1.8Ca_0.2NiO_4+δ maintains its high permittivity at frequencies up to 1 MHz while La_1.7Ca_0.3NiO_4+δ has the lowest dielectric loss (tan δ). Calcium doping can effectively enhance ? and inhibit tan δ. The distortion of (La,Ca)O₉ dodecahedra can well explain their dielectric properties.     

Back to the future: Brake reaction times for manual and automated vehicles

Rear-end collisions are often quoted as being a major cause of road traffic accidents. In response to this, a great deal of ergonomics research effort has been directed towards the analysis of brake reaction times. However, the engineering solution has been to develop advanced systems for longitudinal control, which, it is argued, will mitigate the problem of rear-end collisions. So far, though, there have been few empirical studies to determine how brake reaction times will be affected by such vehicle automation. This paper presents a literature review summarizing the current state of knowledge about driver responses in non-automated vehicles. The review covers driver factors, vehicle factors and situational factors. Following the review, some empirical data are presented from a driving simulator experiment assessing brake reaction times of skilled and unskilled drivers under two different levels of automation. When compared to previous data gathered during manual driving, there seems to be a striking increase in reaction times for these automated conditions. Implications for the design and safety of automated vehicle systems are discussed.