有机相酶促合成阿魏酸糖酯

利用酶促方法合成阿魏酸葡糖酯,对酶和有机溶剂进行了比较和筛选,并对影响阿魏酸葡糖酯产率的因素(酶量、反应时间、反应温度、底物比)进行了研究。结果表明,葡萄糖和阿魏酸乙烯酯(摩尔比4∶1)分别加入到体积比2∶1的无水吡啶和叔丁醇中,20 g/L Novozym 435脂肪酶,在220 r/min的空气振荡器中50℃反应72 h,产率能达到80.9%。     

Solvent-Assisted Crystallization of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters from Animal Fat

An easy and efficient method for the separation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid mono alkyl esters, prepared from animal fat, was developed. The most efficient separation was achieved by the use of solvents such as methanol and acetone at low temperatures. The dilution of the alkyl esters with 10 times the amount of solvent (10:1 v/w) and storage of the mixture for 4 h at ?22 °C could be defined as optimum conditions. After filtration of the saturated fraction at the corresponding temperature very pure fractions were obtained. For fatty acid methyl esters deriving from tallow, with an initial content of saturated fatty acids of almost 50 %, a saturated ester fraction with only 5 % unsaturated fatty acids and an unsaturated ester fraction with about 9 % of saturated fatty acids could be obtained. The solvent easily could be recovered by distillation. In addition fatty acid ethyl, 1‐propyl, 2‐propyl, 1‐butyl, tert‐butyl and 3‐methyl‐1‐butyl esters were prepared and separated into saturated and unsaturated fractions. All fractions were analyzed according to the fatty acid compositions and showed similar or slightly worse results compared to the methyl esters. The cold filter plugging points of the unsaturated fractions were measured, showing the lowest value for the unsaturated methyl ester fraction at ?26 °C. The fractionation with the use of solvents is an easy tool in order to obtain fatty acid alkyl esters with excellent cold temperature behavior out of animal fat.     

马铃薯淀粉基烷基糖苷的合成

以马铃薯淀粉、乙二醇、十二醇为原料,对甲苯磺酸和助剂P为复合催化剂,采用转糖苷化反应合成烷基糖苷表面活性剂,探讨了各主要影响因素对合成反应过程及结果的影响。通过正交实验法优选出最佳工艺条件：糖苷化温度115℃;n(经折合的淀粉中葡萄糖单元): n(乙二醇): n(十二醇) : n(催化剂)=1∶5∶3∶0.01。在此条件下总糖苷收率为122.53%。     

微波和脱皮处理菜籽对油中活性成分的影响

以高、中、低芥酸和硫甙含量菜籽为原料,微波和脱皮预处理后分别冷榨制油。结果表明,不同处理方式对同一品种菜籽的基本品质并无影响,但油中植物甾醇和维生素E含量均存在明显差异,且含量大小依次为低芥酸低硫甙菜籽〉中芥酸中硫甙菜籽〉高芥酸高硫甙菜籽。利用SPSS（统计产品与服务解决方案,Statistical Productand Service Solutions）方差分析,探讨4种不同处理方式与3种不同原料对菜籽油中维生素E和植物甾醇的影响。结果表明,不同处理方式对双低菜籽油中α、γ维生素E和△5-燕麦甾醇影响差异显著,对菜籽甾醇、菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇影响不显著;同一种处理方式下,不同原料对维生素E和植物甾醇都存在显著差异。微波处理后油中维生素E和植物甾醇含量最高,且低芥酸低硫甙菜籽更适宜通过微波处理提高油的品质。     

Lactobionic acid as antioxidant and moisturizing active in alkyl polyglucoside-based topical emulsions: the colloidal structure, stability and efficacy evaluation

Cosmeceutical antioxidants may protect the skin against oxidative injury, involved in the pathogenesis of many skin disorders. However, an unsuitable topical delivery system with compromising safety profile can affect the efficacy of an antioxidant active. This study investigated the antioxidant potential of lactobionic acid (LA), a newer cosmeceutical active, per se (in solution) and incorporated into natural alkyl polyglucoside (APG) emulsifier-based system using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. The α-tocopherol was used as a reference compound. The physical stability (using rheology, polarization microscopy, pH and conductivity measurements) of an Alkyl glucoside-based emulsion was evaluated with and without the active (LA); colloidal structure was assessed using polarization and transmission electron microscopy, rheology, thermal and texture analysis. Additionally, the safety profile and moisturizing potential were investigated using the methods of skin bioengineering. Good physical stability and applicative characteristics were obtained although LA strongly influenced the colloidal structure of the vehicle. LA per se and in APG-based emulsion showed satisfying antioxidant activity that promotes it as mild multifunctional cosmeceutical efficient in the treatment and prevention of the photoaged skin. Employed assays were shown as suitable for the antioxidant activity evaluation of LA in APG-based emulsions, but not for α-tocopherol in the same vehicle.     

淀粉基十二烷基多苷表面性能及其浴液配方性能的研究

以对甲基苯磺酸钠为催化剂,以分子量较小的可溶性淀粉为原料,采用两步法合成十二烷基多苷表面活性剂。应用正交实验的方法得到最佳工艺条件,淀粉糖转化率接近100%。测定25℃时产品表面张力为34.59 mN/m,临界胶束浓度为5.0×10-4g/L,并对其结构用红外光谱进行了分析,研究了产品在浴液配方中的应用性能。     

淀粉疏水改性研究进展

传统变性淀粉只有单一的亲水性质,淀粉的疏水改性成为该领域的研究热点之一。介绍了国内外烷基脂肪酸淀粉酯和烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的研究现状及存在的问题,认为对烷基脂肪酸淀粉酯要重点研究低成本、环境友好制备高取代度的产物;而对烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯要重点研究低葡萄糖值的酶解产物。前者可以通过改变淀粉颗粒结构来改善,后者可以通过减少酶用量和作用时间并采用挤出技术或滚筒干燥等途径实现。     

十八烷基甜菜碱的合成与应用性能

研究了由十八烷基叔胺同氯乙酸及氢氧化钠反应合成十八烷基甜菜碱的工艺条件 ,对反应温度和投料比等参数进行了详细的探讨 ,结合适当的反应时间及搅拌速度 ,得出了最佳的合成工艺条件。测试了十八烷基甜菜碱的表面张力、抗静电性、乳化性等应用性能 ,并与十二烷基甜菜碱进行了对比。     

醚烷基磷酸酯浮选磷矿石的研究

合成的醚烷基磷酸酯捕收剂,在弱碱性介质中分选磷矿石,有较好的抗硬水性。对磷矿石的浮选效果比使用脂肪酸皂作捕收剂的指标好,碳酸钠用量显著降低。     

磷灰石、菱铁矿和赤铁矿的表面化学性质研究

试验研究了磷灰石、菱铁矿和赤铁矿在水溶液中的溶解作用，以及捕收剂油酰肌氨酸（OSS）、椰子油醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯（AEP）及OSS和AEP的混合药剂（MD）的磷灰石、菱铁矿和赤铁矿表面的吸附作用。