Effects and properties of poly(arylene ether benzonitrile)s of various molecular weights blended with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)

Poly(arylene ether benzonitrile) (PAEBN) was synthesized with 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile and biphenol. PAEBNs with various molecular weights (MWs), 1,640,000 and 185,000 g/mol, were synthesized by control of the stoichiometry of the monomers and were blended with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). The effects of MW on the water uptake, swelling, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity of the SPEEK/PAEBN blend membranes were investigated. The molecular mobility of the SPEEK/PAEBN blends was also examined in this study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Performance of the polymer- and oxide-supported triphase catalysts and effect of ultrasound on their stabilities

In this study, several trialkylamines were immobilized on chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPS), silica gel, and alumina to prepare triphase catalysts for catalyzing the etherification reaction of allyl bromide (the organic reactant) and sodium phenolate (the aqueous reactant). The reactor was agitated mechanically or with the aid of ultrasonic vibration. Performances of the prepared catalysts were compared, and the effect of imposing ultrasound was investigated based on the activity, selectivity, and stability of the catalyst. Experimental results show that tri-n-propylamine is the best active species when CMPS is used as the support, while tri-n-butylamine is the best when SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ are employed as the supports. The CMPS-supported catalyst is far better than the SiO₂- and Al₂O₃-supported catalysts in activity and selectivity but not in stability. Imposing the ultrasound can effectively increase the reaction rate. Mechanical agitation at a low speed with the imposition of ultrasonic vibration not only results in a conversion slightly higher than the case with a high mechanical agitation speed without ultrasonic vibration, but also gives a constant stability for the CMPS-supported catalyst.     

Enzymatic biodiesel production: Technical and economical considerations

It is well documented in the literature that enzymatic processing of oils and fats for biodiesel is technically feasible. However, with very few exceptions, enzyme technology is not currently used in commercial‐scale biodiesel production. This is mainly due to non‐optimized process design and a lack of available cost‐effective enzymes. The technology to re‐use enzymes has typically proven insufficient for the processes to be competitive. However, literature data documenting the productivity of enzymatic biodiesel together with the development of new immobilization technology indicates that enzyme catalysts can become cost effective compared to chemical processing. This work reviews the enzymatic processing of oils and fats into biodiesel with focus on process design and economy.     

甲状腺素T4免疫传感器的研究

报道以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物为载体膜材料，研制成非酶标记的Ｔ４免疫传感器，并对载体膜材料的共聚方法及共聚物共聚比与传感器灵敏度的关系进行了探讨。     

VAc／MMA半连续乳液共聚合的研究：Ⅱ分子量及其分布

以过硫酸铵为引发剂，十二烷基硫酸钠为乳化剂，于７０℃下进行了ＶＡｃ／ＭＭＡ乳液共聚合试验。试验确定了不同组成ＶＡｃ／ＭＭＡ共聚物的Ｍａｒｋ－Ｈｏｕｗｉｎｋ方程参数Ｋ和α值。对ＧＰＣ测试数据处理给出了加料速率，乳化剂量，单体比例及种子与非种子法对分子是及其分布的影响。     

铝在醚类电解质中的电沉积

本文综合了近期有机试剂中电沉积铝的有关文献，主要介绍了铝在ＡｌＣｌ３与乙醚、四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ）、１－甲基－３乙基咪唑氯化物（ＭＥＩＣ）、Ｎ－（ｎ－丁基）吡啶氯化物（ＢＰＣ）等满替代的翁盐等组成的电解质中，电沉积的电极过程，以及在ＭＥＩＣ和ＢＰＣ中得到的铝层组织和结构的研究成果，并举例了沉积铝层的应用。     

催化氧化法合成脂肪醇醚羧酸盐的研究进展

详细介绍了氮氧自由基催化氧化法和贵金属催化氧化法合成脂肪醇醚羧酸盐。氮氧自由基催化时,反应温度20～60℃,反应时间3～6 h,得到酸型产品。贵金属催化剂中,钯的催化活性比铂高。贵金属催化时,加入铅、铋等助催化剂,并以活性炭为载体,碱性条件下于50～90℃反应2～6 h,得到盐型产品。在适当的条件下,这两种方法均可使醇醚转化率达95％,选择性达90％以上。     

OPS和OPC系列稠油乳化降黏剂的研制

以工业品烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-n（n=4,6,8,10,15）为起始原料,合成了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚乙酸盐OPC-n和磺酸盐OPS-n两个系列的阴-非离子表面活性剂。以酸值和黏度不同的胜利单家寺和陈庄稠油为实验油样。将OPC-n和OPS-n溶于矿化度5811 mg/kg的胜利标准盐水和NaCl、CaCl2盐水中作为水相,按油、水质量比7∶3在50℃用玻棒搅拌混合,观察是否形成水包油乳状液并测黏度进行确认。在胜利标准盐水溶液中,OPC-n和OPS-n乳化稠油所需的最低质量分数,随稠油、表面活性剂类型及氧乙烯链节数n而变,一般而言,OPC-n系列中的OPC-8和OPS-n系列中的OPS-4乳化稠油的性能最好,该最低质量分数值分别为0.05%或0.025%和0.025%。在NaCl盐水溶液中,OPC-n的该最低质量分数值与稠油和n有关,均随盐含量增加而增大,在盐含量≤15%时,抗盐性最好的OPC-8和OPC-10的该值≤0.05%;OPS-n的抗盐性好于OPC-n。OPC-n的抗钙性良好,钙盐含量为2%时该最低质量分数≤0.1%;OPS-n的抗钙性更好,钙盐含量为2%和3%时该最低质量分数仅为0.025%或0.05%。表6参5。