小井眼环空压耗的室内试验研究

小井眼环空水力学与常规井区别很大。在室内小井眼环空实验架上对小井眼环空压力损失进行了试验研究。模拟环空钻井液返速、钻柱旋转速度、钻柱偏心弯曲程度、钻井液性能和钻具接头等对压耗的影响,取得上千组试验数据。试验结果表明:随环空返速增加,小井眼环空压耗增加很快;在转速较低时随转速增加压耗反而有所下降,但下降幅度很小,在转速较高时钻柱旋转时压耗的影响很大;随偏心度增大,环空压耗降低;随环空间隙减小,压耗对钻柱旋转变得更为敏感;随钻井液幂律流性指数增加,环空压力损耗增大;随宾汉塑性粘度增加,环空压耗增加;随钻井液密度增加,环空压耗增大;钻具接头对小井眼环空压耗的影响很显著。     

TANGENTIAL VELOCITY CHANGE WITH TIME OF POLYACRYLAMIDE SOLUTION IN A CONCENTRIC ANNULUS

Tangential velocity change with time of polyacrylamide solution, which had not only viscosity but also elasticity, in a concentric annulus after step motion of the inner cylinder was measured by using a LDV method. By adapting a conception of a second order lag control system which had a feedback connection, an equation for estimating the velocity change with time was presented. Each parameter in the equation was determined based on the experimental results, and the relationships between each parameter and viscosity or elasticity of the solutions was made clear. By using this equation, the tangential velocity change with time of a viscoelastic liquid in the annulus can be estimated when the viscosity and elasticity of the liquid and the rotational speed of the inner cylinder are given. Additionally, it was confirmed that the equation was applicable to the case of polyethyleneoxide solution, which had different ranges of the viscosity and elasticity from those of the test solutions described above.     

环带磁场在磁流变抛光技术中的应用

磁流变抛光是获得光滑光学表面的理想工艺之一.为了获得一种可用于磁流变抛光中的环形磁场,设计了一种新型的环带式磁场结构,并对其进行模拟与分析,利用该磁场结构构造了一种面接触式的磁流变抛光设备.实际测量证明该磁场结构可形成满足磁流变抛光要求的高梯度磁场.将环形磁极浸入磁流变抛光液中,可使其形成圆环状的Bingham凸起;利用它对K9玻璃进行抛光,可使其表面粗糙度达到约为1 nm的水平.     

非地层因素井下漏失原因分析及对策

钻井施工中发生井漏的原因是多方面的，主要有两大因素：一是地层原因，如存在溶洞，裂缝等。二是钻井工艺措施方面存在问题，如开泵过猛憋漏地层等，地层本身造成井漏的原因是客观存在的，这里不予分析，而开泵不畅是钻井工作者经常遇到的复杂情况之一，文中从环空间隙，排量，钻井液性能，地层的承压能力等方面入手，对一口因憋漏地层造成起套管的井井漏的原因进行计算，分析，并与其它2口井对比，提出预防和处理“主观井漏”的办法。     

Performance of symmetric polygonal fins with and without tip loss — A comparison of different methods of prediction

No analytical solution exists for estimating the efficiency of symmetric polygonal fins (SPFs) circumscribing circular tubes. Performance of such fins is conventionally determined from either of the two approximate techniques, namely, the equivalent annulus method and the sector method. The present work aims to judge the relative merits and applicability of these two methods critically. To this end, the results obtained from the approximate techniques have compared with those obtained from a semi‐analytical technique. It has been noted that, with the increase of the tip heat loss, the accuracy of prediction from any of the approximate methods decreases. For the sector method, a modification has been suggested. The prediction from the modified version of the sector method is always more accurate than that from the equivalent annulus method. It has been further illustrated that though the approximate techniques can be employed for the prediction of efficiency, they cannot be used to predict the tip temperatures accurately.     

气侵期间环空气液两相流模拟研究

钻井过程中地层气体一旦侵入井眼,环空中会形成气液两相流,如果控制不及时或不当,极有可能产生井喷。为研究气侵期间环空中气液两相流的流动规律,以及时控制气侵及防止井喷的发生,以空气—钻井液为介质,分析了垂直井眼环空中气液两相流流型,建立了环空流场的物理流动模型,采用标准k-ε模型对紊流场进行模拟计算,在模拟条件下,得出了气侵发生前后环空气液两相流的流动规律与气侵期间井眼流体实际流动情况相符,并给出了气侵发生后,流体流型转变、气体运移速度及气体在环空空间上的分布规律。计算结果对井控计算机模拟研究具有一定的指导意义。     

海洋油气柔性软管环空状态检测研究及应用

海洋油气柔性软管的环空状态检测是管道实现完整性管理的重要前提和基础.针对海洋油气柔性软管典型结构,开展了环空气体、液体和腐蚀剥离物采样、环空体积检测、外保护层泄漏检测等检测系统的主要设备及工作流程研究,并在中国南海某油田在役柔性软管现场进行了初步测试.通过环空浸没及剩余体积测试、注氮-保压-泄压全过程压力监测、气态样本...     

JD-11.4绞车调速装置多发故障的原因分析

介绍了JD - 11 4绞车调速装置多发事故的原因 ,通过计算提出了内齿轮小绞车减少调速装置故障的方法     

窄环隙内强迫流动阻力特性的实验研究

鉴于流体在小尺度流道内流动时所表现出的特殊性，对水在竖直环隙内受迫流动状况下单相对流换热时的流动阻力特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，雷诺数在900-1100时流态便开始向紊流转变，摩擦阻力压降的大小与加热方式和换热温差的关系很小，而主要取决于质量流速和环隙宽度比值的大小。