Chemiluminescence as a method for oxidative rancidity assessment in autoxidized marine oils

Chemiluminescence based on light emission from excited oxygen species,e.g. singlet oxygen and triplet carbonyls, has been used to measure the oxidative rencidity of fish oils. The luminescence was recorded after sodium hypochlorite addition to the oils dissolved intert-butanol. In addition to high sensitivity and ability to detect small changes in rancidity, the method is fast and may be used as a supplement to the standard chemical methods for quality assessment and antioxidant evaluation. However, care has to be taken in interpretation of the chemiluminescence data of different fish oils, as the light emission depends on both the composition and the rancidity level of the oil. The autoxidized oils were also characterized by peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, anisidine value, Kreis rancidity index, iodine value, ultraviolet measurements, capillary gas chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography and sensoric evaluation.     

The role of amino acids in the autoxidation of milk fat

The effects of amino acids and their analogs on milk fat oxidation were examined under various conditions by measuring oxygen consumption and total unsaturated fatty acids. All the amino acids tested acted as antioxidants, characteristically extending the induction period (IP). Not only primary amino groups are responsible for the antioxidative activities of amino acids, but also the side-chain groups contribute, at least partially, to the protective effects of L-cysteine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine. In aqueous and HCL solutions, the antioxidative effects of L-alanine were significantly reduced. The freeze-dried L-lysine-HCL and L-alanine-HCL accelerated, while the corresponding control amino acids inhibited, milk fat oxidation.     

Chemical changes in β-Lactoglobulin structure during ageing of protein-stabilized emulsions

Summary Commercial protein-stabilized emulsions are often stored for many months. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of protein displaced from β-lactoglobulin-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions by the competitive adsorption of Tween 20, showed that whereas the retention time of protein displaced from a tetradecane–water interface did not change greatly upon ageing, that of the protein displaced from a soya oil–water interface did. The changes in the retention time of the displaced protein were accompanied by an increase in the mass of the protein. When 2-mercaptoethanol was added prior to emulsification, the rate of modification was significantly slower than in its absence. Tryptic digests of the displaced, modified protein showed that the changes were specific. Analysis of volatile components present in the emulsions showed that emulsification induced the autoxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains of the soya oil resulting in the time-dependent formation of low molecular weight compounds. 2-Mercaptoethanol inhibits the process probably by reacting with hydroperoxides and terminating the chain reaction. Aldehydes, particularly enals, are known to react with nucleophilic amino acid residues such as lysine via addition and/or condensation reactions, leading to the observed increase in the mass of the protein.     

环己烷在间歇反应釜中的自氧化

研究了用过氧化氢作氧化剂时,环己烷在不锈钢间歇反应釜中的无催化氧化反应,并考察了反应温度、反应时间、氧化剂浓度、溶剂及反应器壁对环己烷转化率和产物选择性的影响。研究表明:反应器材质对环己烷氧化过程具有十分明显的影响。     

Properties of α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol in purified fish oil triacylglycerols

The effect of α-tocopherol (αTOH) (50–2000 ppm), γ-tocopherol (γTOH) (100–2000 ppm), and δ-tocopherol (δTOH) (100–2000 ppm) on the formation and decomposition of hydroperoxides in purified fish oil triacylglycerols (TAG) was studied. The tests were conducted at 30°C in the dark. Purified fish oil TAG oxidized very rapidly with no apparent induction period. The relative ability of the tocopherols to retard the formation of hydroperoxides decreased in the order αTOH> γTOH>δTOH at a low level of addition (100 ppm), but a reverse order of activity was found when the initial tocopherol concentration was 1000 ppm. This dependence of relative antioxidant activity on tocopherol concentration was caused by the existence of concentrations for maximal antioxidant activity for αTOH and for γTOH. An inversion of activity, on the basis of hydroperoxide formation, was observed for αTOH at 100 ppm and for γTOH at 500 ppm, whereas the antioxidant activity of δTOH increased with level of addition up to 1500–2000 ppm. None of the tocopherols displayed any prooxidant activity. All three tocopherols strongly retarded the formation of volatile secondary oxidation products in a concentration-dependent manner. At concentrations above about 250 ppm there appeared to be a linear relationship between rate of consumption of αTOH and initial αTOH concentration, in accordance with the linear relationship observed between the initial rate of formation of hydroperoxides and the initial αTOH concentration. The rate of consumption of γTOH also increased with initial concentration, but to a lesser extent than for αTOH. At high levels of addition the rate of consumption of δTOH was independent of initial concentration, appearing to reflect the greater stability of this tocopherol homolog and participation in reactions with lipid peroxyl radicals only. Presented in part at the AOCS annual meeting in San Diego, California, April 2000.     

荸荠皮提取物的抗氧化活性研究

用邻苯三酚自氧化法、Feton反应法、Na_2S_2O_3-I_2滴定法研究了荸荠皮提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明:荸荠皮提取物的有明显的抗氧化活性,当浓度为0.10g/L时,对超氧高子自由基(O_2~-·)的抑制率为48.45%,对羟自由基(·OH)的清除率为67.52%,其0.1%提取物对猪油的抗氧化效果优于0.02%的抗氧化剂BHT,且其活性具有剂量效应关系。荸荠皮提取物是一种应用前景广阔的具有抗氧化活性的天然资源。     

邻苯三酚自氧化法测定抗氧化活性的方法研究

通过对邻苯三酚自氧化反应体系的光谱吸收、缓冲液pH值和邻苯三酚浓度对自氧化速率的影响进行研究,建立邻苯三酚自氧化-分光光度法最佳应用体系。确定反应体系总体积为3mL,检测波长在319nm时的测定条件为：缓冲液pH值7．3,邻苯三酚浓度60mmol／L,自氧化速率可达0．060△A／min,线性时间4min;检测波长在420nm时的测定条件为：缓冲液pH值7．8,邻苯三酚浓度80mmol／L,自氧化速率可达0．050△A／min、线性时间3min。新方法建立的紫外和可见光两种检测波长体系,可针对样品的吸收光谱特征选择检测波长,避免了样品自身吸收强对测定检测限的影响,测定pH值接近生物体内真实条件,自氧化速率为最佳检测值且线性时间良好。