基于Multi-Agent系统的含分布式电源电网能源优化管理

在市场运行环境下,为了寻求微电网成本利益和环境效益的最大化,提出基于Multi-Agent系统能源优化管理策略。该研究首先构建Multi-Agent系统。此系统包括市场管理Agent(MOA),微电网管理Agent(MMA),公共电网Agent(UGA)和分布式发电Agent(DGA)。根据各微电网管理Agent上报的发电计划,在市场管理Agent中设计电价竞标策略用来确定各微电网的最佳交易电价和中标电量,以确保微电网经济利益最大化。在此基础上,在各微电网管理Agent中设计能量管理策略,并采用改进粒子群算法来确定微电网内部各分布式发电Agents的最佳功率分派,从而最小化微电网的运行成本。最后仿真验证了该方案的有效性。     

A hybrid optimization model for proficient bidding strategies with no Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions

The computational complexity behind the bi‐level optimization problem has led the researchers to adopt Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. However, the problem function has more number of complex constraints to be satisfied. Classical optimization algorithms are impotent to handle the function. This paper presents a simplified minimization function, in which both the profit maximization problem and the ISO market clearance problem are considered, but with no KKT optimality conditions. Subsequently, this paper solves the minimization function using a hybrid optimization algorithm. The hybrid optimization algorithm is developed by combining the operations of group search optimizer (GSO) and genetic algorithm (GA). The hybridization enables the dispersion process of GSO to be a new mutated dispersion process for improving the convergence rate. We evaluate the methodology by experimenting on IEEE 14 and IEEE 30 bus systems. The obtained results are compared with the outcomes of bidding strategies that are based on GSO, PSO, and GA. The results demonstrate that the hybrid optimization algorithm solves the minimization function better than PSO, GA, and GSO. Hence, the profit maximization in the proposed methodology is relatively better than that of the conventional algorithms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅议遏制串标的难点和关键点

自推行招投标制度以来,至今已形成覆盖全国的招标投标监督管理队伍体系,为政府投资项目节省了大量资金。但同时串标现象也随之出现,严重影响和制约着我国招投标市场健康有序的发展。本文分析了遏制串标的关键点所在,并提出一些建议。     

如何做好房地产工程项目合同策划

要做好房地产项目的全过程成本控制管理,一份好的项目合同策划是成功的关键因素和保障。笔者根据多年的工作经验,在本文中总结了如何做好房地产工程项目合同策划,包括合理的分标策划、选择合适的合同类型,切实可行的招标方式及招标计划,合适的投标人数量。     

A neural network bid/no bid model: the case for contractors in Syria

Despite the crucial importance of the ‘bid/no bid’ decision in the construction industry, it has been given little attention by researchers. This paper describes the development and testing of a novel bid/no bid model using the artificial neural network (ANN) technique. A back‐propagation network consisting of an input buffer with 18 input nodes, two hidden layers and one output node was developed. This model is based on the findings of a formal questionnaire through which key factors that affect the ‘bid/no bid’ decision were identified and ranked according to their importance to contractors operating in Syria. Data on 157 real‐life bidding situations in Syria were used in training. The model was tested on another 20 new projects. The model wrongly predicted the actual bid/no bid decision only in two projects (10%) of the test sample. This demonstrates a high accuracy of the proposed model and the viability of neural network as a powerful tool for modelling the bid/no bid decision‐making process. The model offers a simple and easy‐to‐use tool to help contractors consider the most influential bidding variables and to improve the consistency of the bid/no bid decision‐making process. Although the model is based on data from the Syrian construction industry, the methodology would suggest a much broader geographical applicability of the ANN technique on bid/no bid decisions.     

Rational under‐pricing in bidding strategy: a real options model

Under‐pricing in construction tenders is a common phenomenon and is commonly explained by the need of cash flows and penetration strategy. However, these explanations involve profit cutting and therefore are not plausible in explaining a long‐term persistent phenomenon of under‐pricing. A real options model is proposed and using the binomial lattice method a real‐life construction project tender was analysed to examine how management flexibility and uncertainty provide real options value. When uncertainties of cost items in a tender exist and choices are available to defer and switch modes of construction, then a valuable option is available to the bidders. It amounts to about 4% of the lump sum tendered in our case. The under‐priced portion is the options value which the bidder is willing to pay for the flexibility and the uncertainty. These findings enable contractors to be more competitive and to estimate construction costs more accurately in devising their bid strategies.     

谈发包方如何进行造价管理

对2013版清单与2008版清单的主要款项进行了分析,指出2013版规范加强了发包方在招投标阶段的造价控制工作和对工程实施阶段的监督管理,规范了工程量清单招标投标的工程量清单计价行为。     

关于建筑工程中的低价中标与工程索赔问题

论述了当前在建设工程招投标过程中产生低价中标的原因及其危害，并列举工程案例分析了工程索赔产生的原因和工程索赔的处理，以期完善建筑工程招投标工作。     

施工企业投标报价中的成本分析

从我国现行的招投标方式的报价组成着手,分析企业成本,讨论施工企业在投标过程中如何界定自身的成本,为其在投标时提供标价模式.     

如何准备和实施矿业权招标

文章在介绍矿业权招标定义和方式的基础上，详细地叙述了矿业权招标的准备和实施过程。