Effect of bioaugmentation on anaerobic wastewater treatment in the dairy industry

The creation of a biofilm as a specialized biosystem, its development, and activity were studied at 3 critical control points of biofilter operation: start-up, transition from batch to sequencing batch regimen, and set-up of stable sequencing batch process. Five variants of biosystems were investigated with an inoculum from specially adapted real activated sludge, enriched with various combinations of 3 microbial preparations. A stable and working biofilm was developed in the phase of stabilized sequencing batch process. The differences among biodegradation effectiveness of the 5 variants were insignificant during that phase and the effect of the preparations was low. The effectiveness of organic removal for the 5 bioaugmentation approaches reached 60% for protein, 70% for chemical oxygen demand, and 97% for lactose. Commercial inocula did not improve final reactor performance over an inoculum from a municipal wastewater treatment plant alone.     

生物强化菌系添加量对不同食微比餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵性能影响

为考察生物强化菌系添加剂量对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵性能影响,确定不同食微比（F/M）下最佳菌剂添加量,进行了批式厌氧发酵实验。以实验室已获得的丙酸产甲烷菌系为生物强化菌系,对不同F/M（0.5、1.0、2.0）进行生物强化,菌剂添加量设置为5%、10%、15%、25%、35%比,通过产气性能及中间代谢产物的对比,结合产甲烷动力学评价生物强化效果。结果表明：各剂量的生物强化均可促进餐厨垃圾产气,提高累积产甲烷率1 ~ 3倍;各F/M下,累积产甲烷率均随生物强化剂量增加而增大,35%的添加量产气效果最佳。就生物强化效率而言,3组F/M发酵中,F/M为1.0且菌系添加量为15%时,单位质量菌剂获得最大甲烷提升效率（1 706 mL/gVS_菌剂）;中间代谢产物分析显示,生物强化可促进丙酸和乙酸的降解,避免酸抑制,从而提高产甲烷能力。修正Gompertz模型对产甲烷潜力动力学分析表明,生物强化可以缩短不同食微比下的发酵延滞期,加快反应进程。     

石油污染土壤生物修复的强化技术

为探索石油污染土壤的高效修复方法,从实验室保存的优势菌中筛选得到4株降油效果最佳菌,采用摇床和恒温培养箱培养,对含油量为5%的石油污染土壤进行微生物菌剂强化处理和环境强化实验。微生物菌剂强化结果表明:4种菌和除油效果最好的A、C、D混合菌3d可将石油烃依次降解24%、19.81%、22.55%、26.46%、39.67%;并对该菌群的最佳投加配比进行确定,A、C、D菌群数量的最佳配比为N_A:N_C:N_D=1:2:0.5,3d内菌群A、C、D在最佳接种配比情况下可将石油烃降解44.2%。环境强化实验结果表明:A、C、D菌群在最佳修复条件营养物质C:N:P为75:8:3、表面活性剂为0.5%、通气条件为6层纱布、电子受体H₂O₂的加入量为1.5%下,3d内石油烃降解61.46%,比自然条件下修复的除油率4.7%提高了56.76%,较只进行菌种强化时最高除油率44.2%提高了约17%。     

曝气生物滤池生物强化法处理重污染河水

利用曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺,对重污染河水进行生物强化处理试验.分别考察温度、滤速、pH、污泥负荷等因素对原水中高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、浊度等主要水质指标的去除效果.结果表明,温度、pH、滤速等是影响BAF工艺处理重污染河水的敏感因子.同时还揭示出BAF能有效地去除原水中绝大多数细菌,去除率可达到90%以上.BAF处理重污染河水适宜的工艺参数为:气水比0.5~1.0,反冲洗周期为3~5 d,气、水联合反冲洗,反冲洗强度均为5~8 L/(m2.s),反冲洗时间为10~15 m in,温度23~30℃,pH值7.0~8.5,污泥负荷0.2~0.6 kgCODMn/(kgMLSS.d),滤速1.5~4.5 m3/(h.m2).连续运行结果表明,在此工艺参数下,BAF对重污染河水中的浊度、CODMn、氨氮、细菌的平均去除率分别为89.3%、87.3%、94.6%、96.7%,出水水质达到了地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)中的基本项目目标限值中的I~II级标准,可作为工业生产用水,实现了重污染河水资源化.     

Additive Manufacturing of Engineered Living Materials with Bio-Augmented Mechanical Properties and Resistance to Degradation

Engineered living materials (ELMs) combine living cells with polymeric matrices to yield unique materials with programmable functions. While the cellular platform and the polymer network determine the material properties and applications, there are still gaps in the ability to seamlessly integrate the biotic (cellular) and abiotic (polymer) components into singular materials, then assemble them into devices and machines. Herein, the additive-manufacturing of ELMs wherein bioproduction of metabolites from the encapsulated cells enhanced the properties of the surrounding matrix is demonstrated. First, aqueous resins are developed comprising bovine serum albumin (BSA) and poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) with engineered microbes for vat photopolymerization to create objects with a wide array of 3D form factors. The BSA-PEGDA matrix afforded hydrogels that are mechanically stiff and tough for use in load-bearing applications. Second, the continuous in situ production of l -DOPA, naringenin, and betaxanthins from the engineered cells encapsulated within the BSA-PEGDA matrix is demonstrated. These microbial metabolites bioaugmented the properties of the BSA-PEGDA matrix by enhancing the stiffness (l -DOPA) or resistance to enzymatic degradation (betaxanthin). Finally, the assembly of the 3D printed ELM components into mechanically functional bolts and gears to showcase the potential to create functional ELMs for synthetic living machines is demonstrated.     

环境事故对污水处理厂运行的影响及对策

以松花江水体污染造成的哈尔滨全市停水为背景，研究了水量锐减对哈尔滨太平污水厂运行造成的影响和实施应急措施后的效果。结果表明：进水量减少对污水厂产生了进水负荷冲击、营养缺乏和水温下降等不利影响；采取生物强化措施后有效抑制了污泥恶化，化解了水量减少期间和恢复供水后的负荷冲击，在进水COD、NH3-N和SS浓度分别为472、130．9和200mg／L的条件下，出水相应浓度分别为44、7和23．5mg／L，实现了进水量减少期间污水厂运行的平稳过渡。     

Effects of bioaugmentation by an anaerobic lipolytic bacterium on anaerobic digestion of lipid‐rich waste

The effect of bioaugmentation with an anaerobic lipolytic bacterial strain on the anaerobic digestion of restaurant lipid‐rich waste was studied in batch experiments with a model waste containing 10% lipids (triolein) under two sets of experimental conditions: (A) methanogenic conditions, and (B) initially acidogenic conditions in the presence of only the lipolytic strain biomass (4 days), followed by methanogenic conditions. The bioaugmenting lipolytic strain, Clostridium lundense (DSM 17049^T), was isolated from bovine rumen. The highest lipolytic activity was detected at the beginning of the experiments. A higher methane production rate, 27.7 cm³ CH_4(STP) g^?1 VS_added day^?1 (VS, volatile solids) was observed in experiment A with the presence of the bioaugmenting lipolytic strain under methanogenic conditions. The highest initial oleate concentration, 99% of the total oleate contained in the substrate, was observed in the experiments with the bioaugmenting lipolytic strain under treatment A conditions; the levels of palmitate and stearate were also higher until day 15, indicating that the bioaugmentation strategy improved the hydrolysis of the lipid fraction. In general, the results indicated that degradation of the long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) controlled the digestion process. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

煤气化废水尾水的生物强化处理与微生物响应特性

煤气化废水难降解有机物含量高、毒性大,常规生化处理很难达到理想的处理效果.以煤气化废水生化处理出水为研究对象,采用生物菌剂和促生剂来强化煤气化废水的生化处理效果,探讨生物强化的微生物机制.反复批式实验结果表明,单独投加原油降解菌群对废水的化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD)去除效果最好,与...     

固体微生物菌剂在克拉玛依石油污染土壤 生物修复中的应用

分析了克拉玛依石油污染土壤的理化性质,采用固体微生物菌剂对该土壤进行生物修复,考察了最优修复条件及修复过程中土壤微生物数量、酶活性和石油烃组分的变化。结果表明,克拉玛依石油污染土壤是以粉砂为主的灰漠土,含水率低,含油率高,弱碱性,土壤中三大营养元素（氮、磷、钾）的有效含量低,不利于微生物的生长繁殖。最优修复条件为土壤孔隙度55%、含水率25%、固体菌剂添加量5%、氮/磷摩尔比10、生物表面活性剂添加量05%,在此条件下经过60 d的生物修复,含油率由最初的407%下降到181%,降解率为5553%,小于C27的正构烷烃得到了明显的降解,土壤中的微生物数量、酶活性（脱氢酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和多酚氧化酶活性）均有所提高。在生物修复过程中,单靠改善外在环境条件进行生物刺激,无法有效去除石油烃,添加微生物菌剂进行生物强化是去除土壤中石油类污染物的关键因素。     

生物优势菌种在焦化废水处理中的应用

针对焦化废水成分复杂，是一种难生物降解的有机工业废水的情况，简要介绍了焦化废水的组成、危害及处理焦化废水的难点，重点介绍了近年来国内外利用生物强化技术和固定化技术培养优势菌种处理焦化废水的研究进展。