环保型金属清洗剂的研制及其清洗效果

研制环保型水基金属清洗剂是水基清洗剂的发展方向。为此,选择了几种具有高效生物降解性的表面活性剂,并将其复配,采用表面张力测定及称重法考察了单一型及复配型体系对金属清洗的效果及效率。结果显示：清洗剂配方为m[APGC8-10（烷基糖苷）]：m[AEO-9（C12脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚）]=1：1,浓度为3g／L,以Na2CO3...     

Fenton/Photo-Fenton氧化与生物处理组合技术的应用研究进展

Fenton/Photo-Fenton与生物处理组合技术在处理受污染的水和土壤中具有广阔的应用前景.首先简明归纳了Fenton/Photo-Fenton作为预处理改善污染物可生化性的研究概况,指出通过改变氧化条件找到合适的氧化状态点是问题的关键.然后介绍了Fenton/Photo-Fenton与生物处理组合技术的具体应用研究进展,主要是实验室规模研究,也包括几个中试应用的实例.最后,针对该组合技术的问题提出了今后的研究方向.     

二级处理出水中有机物的分级特性

为研究二级出水中有机物的化学特性,以哈尔滨市W污水处理厂为研究对象,利用XAD树脂将二级处理出水中的有机物分级为5个组分:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A)、疏水性中性有机物(HPO-N)、过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A)、过渡亲水性中性有机物(TPI-N)和亲水性有机物(HPI).采用氯化反应实验、可生物降解溶解性有机碳和尺寸分布测定,以及紫外和红外光谱分析考察二级处理出水中不同有机组分的特性.结果表明:HPO-A是加氯消毒时产生三卤甲烷的主要有机组分.各有机组分中,溶解性有机碳(DOC)(<0.025μm)均是主要的有机碳形式和主要的三卤甲烷前体物.各组分的可生化性为:HPI>TPI-A>HPO-A>TPI-N>HPO-N.各组分的芳香性为:HPO-N>HPO-A>TPI-N>TPI-A>HPI.HPO-N和TPI-N中碳氢化合物的含量较高.在二级处理出水中,HPO-A和HPI的含量相对较高,是主要的有机组分.此外,不同有机组分的化学特性不同.     

Fenton试剂预处理阿奇霉素废水实验研究

采用Fenton试剂氧化阿奇霉素废水,以活性污泥的好氧呼吸速率（OUR）为指标。通过正交实验对Fenton试剂氧化的几种影响因素进行了分析,得出了影响因素的次序：初始pH值〉反应时间〉H2O2的投加量〉双氧水与Fe^2＋的物质的量比;反应初始pH值为7．0、反应时间为60min、H2O2的投加量为2．4mmol／L、双氧水与Fe^2＋的物质的量比为5：1时,OUR值能够从0提高到0．55mg／（g·min）,阿奇霉素废水的可生化性提高效果最佳,有利于后续的生物处理。     

高效起泡剂的浮选特性及可生物降解性研究

为了满足环保的要求,高效起泡剂的选择既要考虑其对选矿指标的影响,也要考虑其对环境保护的影响。通过铅锌选矿试验对一种起泡剂BK212与常用的松醇油进行了浮选特性的对比研究,同时采用生物呼吸曲线法对两种起泡剂进行了可生物降解性对比研究。研究结果表明：起泡剂BK212不仅浮选速度快,药剂用量少,而且可生物降解性好,是一种高效绿色的起泡剂。     

Cytocompatibility and Suitability of Protein-Based Biomaterials as Potential Candidates for Corneal Tissue Engineering

The vision impairments suffered by millions of people worldwide and the shortage of corneal donors show the need of substitutes that mimic native tissue to promote cell growth and subsequent tissue regeneration. The current study focused on the in vitro assessment of protein-based biomaterials that could be a potential source for corneal scaffolds. Collagen, soy protein isolate (SPI), and gelatin films cross-linked with lactose or citric acid were prepared and physicochemical, transmittance, and degradation measurements were carried out. In vitro cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and migration studies were performed with human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and 3T3 fibroblasts for the films’ cytocompatibility assessment. Transmittance values met the cornea’s needs, and the degradation profile revealed a progressive biomaterials’ decomposition in enzymatic and hydrolytic assays. Cell viability at 72 h was above 70% when exposed to SPI and gelatin films. Live/dead assays and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated the adhesion of both cell types to the films, with a similar arrangement to that observed in controls. Besides, both cell lines were able to proliferate and migrate over the films. Without ruling out any material, the appropriate optical and biological properties shown by lactose-crosslinked gelatin film highlight its potential for corneal bioengineering.     

Development of poly(lactic acid) films with propolis as a source of active compounds: Biodegradability,physical, and functional properties

Active films (AFs) using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a polymeric matrix containing various propolis concentrations (5, 8.5, and 13%) as the active agent (AA) were developed using a casting method. The purpose was to determine the effects of the incorporation of AA on the physical properties of the films and to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of the AFs decreased relative to the control (PLA without AA). Introducing the active substances from propolis into the PLA also affected its thermal properties (glass transition). Adding AAs to the polymer generated more opacity with a green-yellowish color compared to the control. In addition, AFs exhibited reduced water vapor permeability as the AA concentration increased. Biodegradation assay showed that the AFs degraded faster than the control. AFs exhibited antioxidant activity, which was measured as the ability to scavenge free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)), due to the presence of bioactive compounds (phenolics). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli and showed a reduction over 4-log cycles. Therefore, incorporation of propolis is a useful strategy for the development of active packaging with antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, which increase the shelf life of food products. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47090.     

Development of an Automated Anaerobic Biodegradability Testing Device

Abstract

The development of a low-cost device used for anaerobic biodegradability testing is described, together with its experimental validation. The equipment is based on manometric measurements of the biogas produced during the fermentation of test substances in up to seven parallel closed bioreactors. It uses separate pressure sensors and relief valves, which enable continuous measurements and avoid pressure buildup that could inhibit the biochemical reactions. A low-cost data acquisition module is used and software has been developed that is specifically suited for the end-user. The equipment has been tested and validated experimentally with a system that accounts for biohydrogen production, testing the effect of original temperature on three different pre-treated inocula, using glucose as sole source of carbon and energy. The results validate the operation of the testing equipment.     

废水可生化性与生物氧化塘处理效率相关性的研究

本文测定了几种工业废水可生化指标BOD_5/COD比值和相对耗氧速率,根据模拟生物塘的动态运行试验结果,提出了以耗氧速率R%作为可生化性判定指标,它比BOD_5/COD比值测定快,方法简便,更接近实际,并得出两个指标与生物塘COD去除率之间相关性的线性回归方程,为选择废水生物塘处理方案、预估其对COD去除效率提供了理论依据。     

Fundamental Theory of Biodegradable Metals—Definition,Criteria, and Design

Until now there has been no fundamental theory applicable for biodegradable metals (BMs). First, this paper optimizes the definition of BMs given in 2014. Second, the dual criteria of biodegradability and biocompatibility are proposed for BMs, and all metallic elements in the periodic table with accessible data are screened on the basis of these criteria. Regarding biodegradability, electrode potential, reactivity series, galvanic series, Pilling–Bedworth ratio, and Pourbaix diagrams are all adopted as parameters to classify the degradable and nondegradable nature of a material, especially in a physiological environment. Considering the biocompatibility at different levels, cellular biocompatibility, tissue biocompatibility, and human/clinical related biocompatibility parameters are put forward to comprehensively evaluate the biosafety of BMs. Third, for the material design of BMs, mechanical properties, chemical properties, physical properties and biological properties should be considered and balanced to guarantee that the degradation behavior of BMs match well with a tissue regeneration/repair procedure as the function of time and spatial location. Besides the selected metallic elements, some nonmetallic elements are selected as suitable alloying elements for BMs. Finally, five classification/research directions for future BMs are proposed: biodegradable pure metals, crystalline alloys, bulk metallic glasses, high entropy alloys, and metal matrix composites.