一种环保型化学清洗剂的研制及性能研究

以柠檬酸、氨基磺酸、聚天冬氨酸钠、硫脲和助剂制备了一种固体环保型化学清洗剂.采用静态挂片和振动摇床试验法对清洗剂的腐蚀和生物降解性能进行了测定.采用极化曲线法和腐蚀试片扫描电子显微镜照相分别对缓蚀机理进行了研究.结果表明,该清洗剂对碳钢、不锈钢、铜和铝具有优良的缓蚀性能,28天后降解率可达94%以上.     

Fenton-絮凝法预处理化工综合废水的研究

以化工综合废水为研究对象,采用Fenton-絮凝法对某化工因区综合废水进行研究.考察了Fenton反应时间、初始pH值、H2O2投加量、Fe2+投加量、絮凝初始pH值以及絮凝剂投加量等因素对处理水质的影响.在Fenton反应时间为60 min,初始pH值为3.5,H2O2及FeSO4· 7H2O投加量分别为6.5 mm...     

医用镁及镁合金表面可生物降解有机高分子涂层的应用

近年来,镁及镁合金由于其生物可降解性和良好的生物相容性,在医疗器械领域的应用获得了迅速的发展,然而过快的降解速率限制了其在临床上的应用。可生物降解有机高分子涂层是一种降低镁及镁合金降解速率的有效表面改性方法,同时还可赋予镁及镁合金医疗器械多种功能性。首先综述了可降解有机高分子涂层对镁及镁合金耐腐蚀性能和生物相容性的影响。可降解聚合物涂层能阻碍腐蚀性介质与基体的接触,从而延长其降解时间。而涂层对基体的保护提供了碱性较弱的环境,更利于细胞的生长增殖;同时涂层随着基体一起降解,可降低聚合物长期存在生物体内可能引发炎症反应的风险。此外,对聚合物涂层在骨科以及心血管支架领域的应用以及进展进行了综述。一方面,可降解聚合物涂层能显著延长镁及镁合金在生物体内的作用时间;另一方面,涂层可以作为载体材料通过携带具有不同功能的试剂或者药物实现医疗器械的功能化,如促进骨愈合和药物的可控释放。因此,可降解聚合物涂层在镁和镁合金器械领域必将起到无可替代的作用。     

基于水解酸化工艺的煤地下气化废水处理

为提高煤地下气化废水处理效果,在生化处理工艺中引入水解酸化工艺,以褐煤地下气化废水为例,研究了水解酸度、时间、温度等参数对废水可生化性的影响,比较了有无水解酸化工艺时生物接触氧化对废水综合处理的效果。试验结果表明:煤地下气化废水水解酸化强化处理工艺的最佳条件pH为5～6,水力停留时间HRT为8～10h,温度为20～25℃。在此条件下废水的CODCr质量浓度降低19.7%,BOD5与CODCr质量浓度比值由0.434提高至0.619,显著提高了废水的可生化性。煤气化废水经水解酸化-好氧生物接触氧化工艺处理后,CODCr去除率可达95.64%,出水水质达到二级排放标准。     

环保型润滑剂发展综述

综述了环保型润滑添加剂的定义、种类及应用，介绍了生物降解试验方法的定义、种类以及生态毒性试验方法，概述了环保型润滑添加剂的发展现状，指出国内开展相关研究工作的紧迫性。     

绿色高吸水性树脂的研究进展

综述了可生物降解的绿色高吸水性树脂的研究发展,讨论了该类高分子树脂的结构要求。主要介绍了近年来淀粉、纤维素、海藻酸钠、甲壳类和蛋白质等天然高分子改性吸水性材料,聚氨基酸类吸水性树脂及丙烯酸合成类高吸水性树脂等的吸水性能和生物降解特性,并对绿色高吸水性树脂的研究发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

电气石辅助芬顿反应提高废水可生化性的试验

以电气石陶粒辅助芬顿(Fenton)反应降解焦化废水.对比试验表明,常规Fenton反应和电气石陶粒辅助Fenton反应对化学需氧量(COD)降低效果无明显区别,但可生化性效果有显著差别,BOD5与CODCr比值分别为20.3％和73.5％.原因是,电气石阴极的还原性使Fenton试剂的关键要素Fe2+得以持续生成,有...     

Ultrasonic pre‐treatment of biological sludge: consequences for disintegration,anaerobic biodegradability,and filterability

BACKGROUND: Disintegration was developed as a pretreatment process for sludge to accelerate the digestion processes. Ultrasonic treatment may be a good alternative for sludge disintegration. In this study, different specific energy inputs ranged between 0 and 15 880 kJ kg^?1 and very low ultrasonic densities ranged between 0.04 and 0.1 W mL^?1 were applied to biological sludge for disintegration purposes. The potential for improving anaerobic digestion through ultrasonic pre‐treatment and the effect of ultrasonic pre‐treatment on the filterability characteristics of sludge were also investigated. RESULTS: 9690 kJ kg^?1 TS of supplied energy and very low power density of 0.09 Wm L^?1 are efficient for floc disintegration. For 9690 kJ kg^?1 TS, 44% higher methane production was achieved than with raw sludge as a result of biochemical methane potential assay. The supernatant characteristics of the sludge were also affected by the ultrasonic pre‐treatment. For 9690 kJ kg^?1 TS, the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the sludge supernatant increased by 340%, 860%, 716%, and 207.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic pre‐treatment is an effective method for biological sludge disintegration even at very low ultrasonic density levels. It leads to increased anaerobic biodegradability but deteriorates the filterability characteristics of biological sludge. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Anaerobic toxicity and biodegradability of pulp mill waste constituents

Batch bioassays have been conducted to characterize the response of methanogenic bacteria to several constituents of sulfite evaporator condensate. The results can be grouped into three ranges with increasingly severe consequences to anaerobic reactors: a low concentration, no effect range; a medium concentration range where methanogenesis is temporarily interrupted or slowed down, but may return to normal; and a high concentration range where methanogenesis is permanently inhibited. In some cases the toxicant was metabolized when present in the lower concentration ranges. There was also evidence that mechanisms other than fermentation to methane were significant in accounting for removal of the toxicants from solution. Organisms acclimated to low concentrations of a toxicant are better able to withstand a shock load of that toxicant than are unacclimated organisms.     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的研究进展

综述了脂肪族聚酯类可降解生物材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的研究进展,重点对PBS的制备方法、改性、产业化等方面进行了探讨,指出PBS产业存在的问题及今后的研究重点。