有机硫加氢(HDS)催化剂的预硫化

预硫化是HDS、HDN过程中决定催化剂活性的最重要环节。在分析催化剂硫化反应原理、硫化条件、硫化与还原的关系等基础上进一步指出了在工业过程中预硫化的一些原则。     

高含硫气井硫溶剂筛选试验研究

加入硫溶剂是避免元素硫沉积对井动态产生负面影响的有效方法.通过单一和复配硫溶剂溶解、配伍性及腐蚀试验,进而研究高含硫气井硫溶剂的选配.复配硫溶剂具有较高的硫溶解度,溶硫速度较快,与缓蚀剂HT-6、水合物抑制剂配伍性好,低度腐蚀,毒性小,可作为高含硫气井硫溶剂使用.     

LF炉衬材质对超低硫钢精炼的影响

使用含碳铝镁尖晶石砖、镁碳砖以及电熔氧化镁材质的坩埚进行了超低硫钢精炼试验,探讨了不同耐火材料对LF精炼超低硫钢的影响.结果表明：使用含碳铝镁尖晶石砖的脱硫率最高,有利于深脱硫,使用镁碳砖的效果次之,使用氧化镁坩埚最差.但炉衬使用含碳铝镁尖晶石砖或镁碳砖,将导致钢液增碳,不利于低碳钢生产,在LF精炼超低碳钢时,钢包衬材质应该考虑使用无碳耐火材料.     

华北电厂源对北京及周边地区SO_2影响

采用MM5、Models-3/CMAQ耦合模型系统,模拟了河北、天津、山西、内蒙古4省市电厂源排放对北京及周边地区SO2质量浓度影响.模拟结果表明,电厂源对华北地区SO2年均贡献质量浓度高值多出现在电厂密集、污染物排放量大的地区,且从南到北呈递减趋势,北京城区、北京全市1月月均贡献质量浓度分别为7.63和7.13μg/m3,4月分别为5.54和5.37μg/m3,7月分别为3.02和3.68μg/m3,10月分别为7.49和7.53μg/m3,年均贡献质量浓度分别为5.92和5.93μg/m3,其中日均最大贡献质量浓度出现在1月,为30.1和19.1μg/m3,分别占国家空气质量二级标准的20.1%和12.7%.研究表明,华北地区电厂源排放对北京市SO2空气质量影响是不能忽视的,能够促使和加剧北京市的大气环境污染.     

A/O生物除磷工艺丝状菌膨胀的控制

为了有效控制A/O生物除磷工艺处理化粪池污水时产生的丝状菌膨胀,先后采取改变系统的COD污泥负荷(NCOD)、溶解氧(DO)的质量浓度和降低S2-的质量浓度等措施,最终使A/O除磷工艺丝状菌膨胀得到了控制,污泥沉降性能得到了有效恢复.研究结果表明:A/O除磷工艺在高NCOD条件下运行时,容易发生严重的丝状菌膨胀现象,原因是COD在厌氧区降解后仍有较高的剩余量进入好氧区,导致聚磷菌在和丝状菌的竞争中优势变弱;在低NCOD条件下运行时,由于原水中硫化物含量过高导致丝状硫细菌增殖,因此仍然存在轻度的丝状菌膨胀现象.     

高含硫气藏中元素硫沉积形态和微观分布研究

元素硫沉积是高含硫气藏开采过程中存在而又必须解决的难题之一.随着高含硫气藏储层压力不断下降,元素硫溶解度也不断下降,一旦元素硫溶解度低于元素硫含量,元素硫就会从地层中沉积下来.沉积的元素硫会堵塞地层孔隙,降低渗透率,严重影响气井产能.为了研究元素硫在地层中的沉积形态和沉积特征,利用自主设计的实验流程和实验方法,使TD5-1井高含硫气体通过岩芯,并降低压力让元素硫在岩芯中沉积下来,然后对沉积了元素硫的岩芯进行电镜扫描和能谱分析,首次得到了元素硫在岩芯中的沉积形态,即元素硫主要以膜状形式分布在岩芯孔隙壁面上.该研究结果为深入认识、掌握元素硫沉积规律以及指导高含硫气藏合理开发奠定了基础.     

用煤气还原冶炼烟气中SO_2制取硫磺的工艺研究

以煤气为还原气,以Fe为活性金属催化还原冶炼烟气中SO2制取硫磺,研究了反应温度、反应时间、气配比及金属铁含量等对SO2还原成S单质的影响.结果表明:对SO2催化还原生成单质硫产率而言,最佳的反应温度为400℃,最佳气配比为0.75(即煤气:SO2烟气流量=30誜40).催化剂中金属Fe的最佳含量为14%,当反应温度为400℃时,14%Fe/Al2O3催化还原SO2反应的转化率为96.31%,生成单质硫选择性达到85.06%,而硫的产率为81.92%.所制硫磺色泽均匀,为淡黄色,纯度高达99%.     

Sulfur-Tolerant NOx Storage Traps: An Infrared and Thermodynamic Study of the Reactions of Alkali and Alkaline-Earth Metal Sulfates

The sulfur tolerance of a barium-containing NO_x storage/reduction trap was investigated using infrared analysis. It was confirmed that barium carbonate could be replaced by barium sulfate by reaction with low concentrations of sulfur dioxide (50 ppm) in the presence of large concentrations of carbon dioxide (10%) at temperatures up to 700 °C. These sulfates could at least be partially removed by switching to hydrogen-rich conditions at elevated temperatures. Thermodynamic calculations were used to evaluate the effects of gas composition and temperature on the various reactions of barium sulfate and carbonate under oxidizing and reducing conditions. These calculations clearly showed that if, under a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, carbon dioxide is included as a reactant and barium carbonate as a product then barium sulfate can be removed by reaction with carbon dioxide at a much lower temperature than is possible by decomposition to barium oxide. It was also found that if hydrogen sulfide was included as a product of decomposition of barium sulfate instead of sulfur dioxide then the temperature of reaction could be significantly lowered. Similar calculations were conducted using a selection of other alkaline-earth and alkali metals. In this case calculations were simulated in a gas mixture containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide with partial pressures similar to those encountered in real exhausts during switches to rich conditions. The results indicated that there are metals such as lithium and strontium with less stable sulfates than barium, which may also possess sufficient NO_x storage capacity to give sulfur-tolerant NO_x traps.     

Sulfur deactivation and regeneration of Pt/BaO/Al2O3 and Pt/SrO/Al2O3 NO x storage catalysts

Transient experiments were performed to study sulfur deactivation and regeneration of Pt/BaO/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SrO/Al₂O₃ NO _x storage catalysts. It was found that the strontium-based catalysts are more easily regenerated than the barium-based catalysts and that a higher fraction of the NO _x storage sites are regenerated when H₂ is used in combination with CO₂ compared to H₂ only.     

WLSP852型微量硫分析仪在原料气分析中的应用

介绍WLSP852微量硫分析仪成功取代陈旧的汞量法用于原料气硫分析。不仅能准确分析进口管线、气液离器、加氢转化炉等位号硫的总含量，还能分别测定各种形态硫的含量。