Peculiar electric properties of polarized layer in alkaline silicate glasses

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) was applied to study polarization phenomena in alkaline silicate glasses, in particular, properties and structure of subsurface (anodic) polarized layers forming in poling with deposited film electrodes of different structures. A model of poled glasses which does not contradict experimental data is proposed. In accordance with the model, a poled glass is presented as two resistor-capacitor circuits in a series connection, one of which is the polarized layer and another is the rest of the sample. It is found that the electric properties of the layers essentially depend on the structure of the anodic electrode used in glass poling. It is also shown that the dielectric response of poled glass samples is mainly determined by the electric properties of the submicron polarized layers and this gives an opportunity to reveal specific properties of the layers rather than ones of the glass sample bulk. Revealed temperature dependence of DC conductivity of the polarized layers obeys Arrhenius's law, and determining activation energy does not depend on the electrode. Finally, it is noted that today above-mentioned information about polarized layers can be obtained only by BDS.     

Efficient red phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes based on solution processed all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite as hole transporting layer

An efficient red phosphorescent organic light emitting diode (PhOLED) has been realized by utilizing a composite hole transporting layer comprised of all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite CsPbBr₃ via spin-coating and 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl) benzene (mCP) by vacuum depositing, in which CsPbBr₃ film is used as a hole transporting layer and mCP plays a dominant role in electron and exciton blocking. And this PhOLED shows a saturated red emission coordinated at CIE (0.65, 0.33) driven at 7.5 V, a maximum brightness of 20,750 cd/m², and a maximum current efficiency of 10.64 cd/A, which is as 1.87 times as that 5.68 cd/A of the reference PhOLEDs based on traditional small organic molecular hole transporting material N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-benzi (NPB). The electroluminescent (EL) spectra and the energy level alignment of different PhOLEDs are investigated. The enhanced EL performances are ascribed to improved hole injecting and transporting behaviors, and better electron and exciton confinements by introducing the composite hole transporting layer CsPbBr₃/mCP.     

Improved performance of lateral GaN-based light emitting diodes with novel buried CBL structure in ITO film and reflective electrodes

In this letter, lateral GaN-based Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with a SiO₂ current blocking layer (CBL) buried in the indium tin oxide (ITO) film and highly reflective metal materials have been proposed. Compared with the conventional CBL structure which was inserted between ITO film and p-type GaN, simulation results showed that LEDs with a buried CBL in the ITO film effectively facilitated current spreading under the CBL. We demonstrated that buried CBL was beneficial for suppressing current crowding (CC) effect around the edge of CBL and may facilitate higher LED efficiency. Furthermore, experimental results showed that LEDs with the buried structure we proposed showed lower working voltage and higher light output power (LOP) compared with those with conventional CBL structure. These results further confirmed that the buried CBL scheme was effective to reduce current crowding (CC) effect. In addition, highly reflective metal materials of Cr/Al/Pt/Au were employed to reduce light absorption and achieve high light extraction efficiency.     

氯氨供气管路积液问题分析与应对

针对正压加氨浮子堵塞问题,进行了加氨管线温度检测和氨气性质分析。结果表明,加氨管线中氨气受温度和压力影响再次液化是堵塞加氨浮子的原因,根据堵塞原因采取了一系列控制措施,并对水厂加氨（氯）管线的设计和安装需要注意的问题提出了建议。     

基于钉书机钣金外壳的级进模设计

分析了订书机钣金外壳零件的结构特点和冲压工艺性,将成形难度锁定在产品侧面的小孔及小孔沉头,结合生产要求,提出了采用14工位的级进模工艺方案,依方案确定级进模的料带图。根据成形难度,重点介绍了该模具滑块与侧冲针的结构,将滑块的斜楔设置在滑块的两侧,将侧冲针的头部设计为圆锥形状,锥形起定位作用,使侧孔的形状稳定。在冲侧孔时,合理地利用钣金外壳的回弹,使产品侧边小孔的沉头在回弹作用下脱离凸模的凹陷位,从而实现顺利脱模,并用吸气的方式实现排屑。最后,绘制模具装配图,并阐述其工作过程。结果表明:钉书机钣金外壳件采用一套级进模成形,可连续进行冲孔、折弯、压凸、成形等工序,实现高效率的冲压生产,为同类制件的生产提供了一定的理论指导和技术支撑。     

智能变电站过程层网络中开关量多设备共享应用方案研究

介绍了智能变电站二次设备之间的过程层网络GOOSE报文交互的基本原则,分析了过程层网络中可能存在的启失灵开入、单双套配合、联闭锁信号等源与接收端之间的多设备共享关系。提出了多个GOOSE源对应于同一个接收设备、多个接收设备对应于同一个GOOSE源、多个二次设备之间GOOSE广泛共享等开关量共享方案。从失灵GOOSE开入共享、充电手合GOOSE开入共享、双套配置间相互闭锁重合闸、测控设备跨双网上送告警等方面阐释了多设备共享的实施方案。给出了此类多设备共享类GOOSE开入在接入二次设备之后基于辅助电气量回路的隔离原则。     

基于频谱比较的直流线路差动保护闭锁判据

为解决目前直流线路差动保护动作时间过长的问题,提出了一种基于频谱比较的直流线路差动保护闭锁判据。分析了差动电流的频谱特征,由分析可知区内故障时差动电流含有较多直流分量,区外故障时差动电流含有较多50 Hz和100 Hz分量,根据这一区别设计了闭锁判据。该判据能够有效识别区内、区外故障,且具有可靠性高、对采样频率要求较低等优点。基于某实际直流系统建立了EMTDC仿真模型。仿真结果表明,该判据能够在区外故障时闭锁差动保护,提高了保护的可靠性。     

一口高含水停产气井复产的启示

为使因高含水而停产的×气井恢复生产,对生产数据、测井资料、井史资料等进行综合分析,找到高含水的原因。根据出水机理进行堵水方案优选研究。分析结果显示,堵水方案难度大成功率低。选择了侧钻措施,原水窜井眼作为气藏的一口自流注水井,并进行了侧钻施工设计,在施工过程中进行质量控制,获得了很好的效果。该方案对类似井的复产具有参考意义。     

Effect of AMC on fixed‐rate traffic with hard delay constraints in mobile broadband systems

The adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) technique, which has been adopted by advanced mobile telecommunication systems, supports a flexible response to the random radio behaviour. As a result, the attained transmission rate over a wireless link is time varying. Hence, resource demands are not deterministic but fluctuating even for calls with constant bit rate service requirements. Consequently, constant bit rate calls are susceptible to a forced call termination because of insufficient resources not only in a target cell during inter‐cell handoffs but also in a serving cell during radio link deterioration. Furthermore, call blocking and dropping probabilities depend on radio propagation conditions among other factors and therefore they are dissimilar throughout a service area. The latter leads to unfairness problems. We analytically measure the impact of AMC on fixed‐rate service with hard delay constraints such as voice for different signal, mobility and traffic conditions. We consider a reference case (call requests are admitted into the system provided there are enough free resources) and two classes of admission control approaches: traditional (only inter‐cell handoffs are prioritised) and modified (all ongoing calls are prioritised). The reported results reveal conditions for which AMC affects voice call performance and can serve as guidelines on admission control design. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.