中空纤维超滤膜去除乳酸钙中蛋白质的研究

发酵法联合生产乳酸-乳酸钙工艺中,分离出的乳酸钙产品含有蛋白质、还原糖、重金属等杂质,影响产品的品质。本实验研究了中空纤维膜对乳酸钙中蛋白质的去除,并分析了压差、温度、浓度及pH值等因素的影响。得到了较好的工艺操作条件为Δp=0.05MPa,Δ=30g/L,30°C,pH=4。进一步提出用多步超滤能提高蛋白质的去除率15%～27%。     

饲料级磷酸氢钙中钙含量偏高的原因

通过不同温度下的烘干、灼烧实验 ,分析饲料级磷酸氢钙中钙含量偏高的主要原因是产品结晶水含量少 ,仅 0 .3个结晶水。取消中和槽蒸汽加热 ,保持常温反应 ;改闪蒸干燥为气流干燥 ;用氢氧化钙作中和剂 ;使饲钙产品中钙含量由平均约 2 8%降至 2 2 %。     

采用改进的温梯法生长氟化钙晶体

对现有的晶体生长温梯法进行改进,将炉内温场分为坩埚底部温度高于坩埚顶部温度的化料区和坩埚底部温度低于坩埚顶部温度的温梯生长区两部分.通过对坩埚相对于温场位置的控制,获得适宜进行熔体均一化和晶体生长条件.生长了尺寸为φ135 mm×150 mm氟化钙(CaF2)晶体,生长的CaF2晶体质量较好,位错密度＜330/mm2,从190 nm到9000 nm透过良好,紫外200 nm处和红外9 μm处透过率可达80%以上.     

普钙产品转化率的数值计算方法

对影响普钙产品转化率的各种因素进行了分析,利用MATLAB 软件包得到了转化率的计算公式,提出了确定未分解磷矿的比例和由倍半氧化物引起的有效磷退化幅度的方法,为生产系统的预测和调整提供了一种途径。     

渤海莱州湾地下卤水纳滤过程的结垢趋势研究

针对莱州湾地下卤水纳滤过程中纳滤膜表面无机物结垢的问题,利用饱和度法系统研究了碳酸钙、硫酸钙在卤水体系和纳滤过程中的结垢趋势和影响因素。结果表明,在常温下原料卤水中的碳酸钙处于饱和状态,而其中的硫酸钙处于不饱和状态,因此在外部因素诱导下,碳酸钙更容易发生沉淀;降低卤水的pH可以有效抑制碳酸钙结垢;当逐步提高卤水的产水回收率时,纳滤浓水侧卤水中硫酸钙结垢的风险增大,在纳滤精制卤水过程中选择合适的产水回收率可以降低硫酸钙结垢的风险。     

Encapsulation of Hydroxyapatite Microspheres with Fluorapatite Using a Diffusion Process

Modification of hydroxyapatite surfaces can improve the properties of biomedical devices. The objective of this work was to encapsulate hydroxyapatite particles with a fluorapatite layer. A suspension of hydroxyapatite microspheres was prepared in a solution at different pH and treated with ammonium fluoride. pH, calcium, and fluoride were monitored in real time and particles subjected to fluoride analysis. After addition of fluoride, it was found that more material is released from the particle surface at low pH conditions, but leads to a high fluoride uptake from solution. Low solution fluoride levels produce a fluorapatite layer, but higher fluoride levels produce calcium fluoride.     

二水硫酸钙结晶过程研究进展

综述了二水硫酸钙结晶过程的最新研究进展,从各个角度介绍了外部条件对硫酸钙结晶的影响,以达到对二水硫酸钙结晶的各种技术有一种比较客观综合的理解和认识,对未来二水硫酸钙结晶过程的研究方向作了探讨。     

Rheology of poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) and its composites with calcium carbonate

Poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) composites with calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) were prepared by in situ radical copolymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA) and methacrylic acid (MA) with precipitated calcium carbonate. To compare the different rheological behaviors of the monomer mixtures with CaCO₃ and the composites, the steady and dynamic viscosities of BMA/MA/CaCO₃ and poly(BMA/MA/CaCO₃) were measured by means of steady and oscillatory shear flows. The viscosity of the mixture BMA/MA/CaCO₃ was found to increase evidently with the increasing of CaCO₃%. The influence of MA% on viscosity of BMA/MA/CaCO₃ was slight. During the in situ polymerization, the viscosity of the reacting system was measured to be enhanced by a factor of about 10⁴ from the monomer/CaCO₃ mixture to composites. The dependency of zero‐shear viscosity on molar mass of PBMA was also investigated. The relation between the zero‐shear viscosity and molar mass is η₀ = 10^?15 M_w^3.5. The evolution of the viscosity with the temperature for both PBMA and its composites was obtained and time–temperature superposition was used to build master curves for the dynamic moduli. The flow activation energies were found to be 115.0, 148.6, and 178.7 kJ/mol for PBMA, composite PBMA/CaCO₃ (90/10), and PBMA/MA/CaCO₃ (89/1/10), respectively. The viscosity of the composites containing less than 10% CaCO₃ was lower than that of pure PBMA with the same molar mass. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1376–1383, 2003     

世界碳酸钙工业发展近况

世界碳酸钙工业发展迅速，产能不断增加，首先介绍了近几年来重质研磨碳酸钙（GCC）产业的发展概况，重点介绍了中国、日本、马来西亚、韩国、泰国的GCC产业及国际著名GCC生产公司在中国的经营情况。其次介绍了世界轻质沉淀碳酸钙（PCC）的市场概况及国外大型PCC生产公司的基本情况。最后，重点介绍了中国大陆地区的碳酸钙生产与市场情况，并通过分析近几年中国碳酸钙产品的进出口数量及价格情况指出，开发适合碳酸钙用户需求的新产品、新技术，参与国际竞争是今后中国碳酸钙生产企业的发展方向。     

非木本木质素磺酸镁对水泥净浆和砂浆性能的影响

用红外光谱法等测定了非木本木质素磺酸镁的结构特征参数,研究了其对水泥净浆和砂浆性能的影响,并与木本木质素磺酸钙进行了对比。非木本木质素磺酸镁结构中的甲基、酚羟基、芳香环比木质素磺酸钙少;特性黏度为 0. 61mL/g,仅是木质素磺酸钙的 61%;磺化度为 0 78mmol/g,比木质素磺酸钙低约 40%。木质素磺酸镁溶液的最低表面张力为 49 82mN/m,起泡性能与木质素磺酸钙相近。非木本木质素磺酸镁对水泥净浆和砂浆减水分散作用为木本木质素磺酸钙的 86 6% ~91 1%。但掺质量分数 0 5%的木质素磺酸镁的砂浆, 28d的抗压强度比掺木质素磺酸钙的高 70 5%。