Unsupervised adaptation of electroencephalogram signal processing based on fuzzy C‐means algorithm

This paper studies an unsupervised approach for online adaptation of electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain–computer interface (BCI). The approach is based on the fuzzy C‐means (FCM) algorithm. It can be used to improve the adaptability of BCIs to the change in brain states by online updating the linear discriminant analysis classifier. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, we applied it to a set of simulation data and compared with other unsupervised adaptation algorithms. The results show that the FCM‐based algorithm can achieve a desirable capability in adapting to changes and discovering class information from unlabeled data. The algorithm has also been tested by the real EEG data recorded in experiments in our laboratory and the data from other sources (set IIb of the BCI Competition IV). The results of real data are consistent with that of simulation data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Privacy theory in practice: designing a user interface for managing location privacy on mobile devices

ABSTRACT

Disclosing the current location of a person can seriously affect their privacy, but many apps request location information to provide location-based services. Simultaneously, these apps provide only crude controls for location privacy settings (sharing all or nothing). There is an ongoing discussion about rights of users regarding their location privacy (e.g. in the context of the General Data Protection Regulation – GDPR). GDPR requires data collectors to notify users about data collection and to provide them with opt-out options. To address these requirements, we propose a set of user interface (UI) controls for fine-grained management of location privacy settings based on privacy theory (Westin), privacy by design principles and general UI design principles. The UI notifies users about the state of location data sharing and provides controls for adjusting location sharing preferences. It addresses three key issues: whom to share location with, when to share it, and where to share it. Results of a user study (N=23) indicate that (1) the proposed interface led to a greater sense of control, that (2) it was usable and well received, and that (3) participants were keen on using it in real life. Our findings can inform the development of interfaces to manage location privacy.     

黑匣子-X25045与时钟芯片DS12887在网络智能型家居服务器中的应用

第一时间将所发生事件的时间日期存储起来,往往是系统设计,被存储起来的时间日期,对于分析、了解所发生事件的原因将起到重大作用.从系统运行的稳定性、可靠性出发,设计一种以X25045为存储元件,DS12887为计时元件,EW78E58单片机为核心,OCMJ4×8C液晶显示器为显示器件的事件存储系统.该系统已在网络智能型家居服务器中应用,其运行稳定、可靠,电路设计简单实用.     

Revealing and Eliminating the Light-Soaking Issue in Metal Oxide-Based Inverted Organic Solar Cells

Inverted organic solar cells (i-OSCs) provide an exciting opportunity for commercialization owing to their excellent device air stability. However, light soaking (LS) issue generally occurs in metal oxide based i-OSCs, causing drastically decreased performance. The underlying root of LS effect is not clearly clarified until now. Herein, it is demonstrated that the surface oxygen defects on metal oxide nanoparticles, such as chemisorbed superoxide (O²⁻) and hydroxide (OH) dangling bonds, are the main reasons for LS issue in i-OSCs. The O²⁻ layer induces band bending at the cathode interface and increases the work function (WF) of metal oxide, thus leading to inefficient charge transport. The dangling bonds serve as interfacial trap states and cause non-radiative recombination, thus leading to the reduced open circuit voltage (V_oc). With ultraviolet (UV) illumination, the surface oxygen defects are interacted with photogenerated carriers, thereby improving the photovoltaic performance. Additionally, UV pretreatment of metal oxide films is employed to eliminate the LS issue and the resulting device yields significantly improved fill factors from 50.20% to 73.50% in the pristine SnO₂ based i-OSCs. This study reveals the origin of LS effect in i-OSCs and proposes a suggested model for LS mechanism.     

Multiple material domain‐based computational tools for ease assessment of modal parameter in photonic crystal fibers

We report here the development of two computational tools PCFPS (Photonic Crystal Fiber Parameter Study) and PCFPA (Photonic Crystal Fiber Parameter Analysis), equipped with graphical user interface (GUI) for modeling of photonic crystal fiber. The tools are based on different structural parameters, and they provide characteristic analysis of the modal parameters from the structural parameters. The main feature of PCFPS is that it enables the user to find out the values of each defining modal parameter that has an immense contribution towards the manufacture of photonic crystal fiber. Additionally, PCFPA allows the user to observe the variation in the modal parameters with respect to the changes in structural parameters (such as d, Λ, d/Λ, and λ/>Λ). Besides their ease of use, these two schemes have high computational precision and adaptability, giving a novel platform to optical engineers to modulate the microstructured fibers according to their requirement.     

基于嵌入式系统的双屏兼容显示设计

提出了一种基于嵌入式系统的双屏兼容显示设计方案.以一款单色STN-LCD、一款TFT-LCD和LPC2478芯片为例进行了介绍,完成了两款液晶显示屏与LPC2478硬件接口电路的设计,并详细阐述了双屏兼容下GUI程序设计的总体框架以及编程的一些细节.最后对设计进行测试和分析,结果表明此方法可以完整显示相关信息,并具有一...     

增强现实研究进展与核心技术(上)

介绍了增强现实概念及其研究进展,阐述了增强现实的显示技术、交互技术、注册技术等核心技术,最后分析了用户界面等限制增强现实技术发展的要素。     

存储测试系统的USB接口设计

针对存储测试系统的高速数据传输需求,设计了以单片机和FT245R为核心器件的USB接口电路,替代了传统的并行／串行接口。设计的USB接口支持USB2．0协议,具有体积小、通用性好、操作简单、使用方便等特点,数据传输率达到1MB／s,满足了存储测试系统的数据传输率要求。     

基于PDIUSBD12芯片的USB 接口实现方案

通用串行总线(USB)以其传输速度快、可靠性高、使用灵活等优点被广泛应用在PC外设和便携式系统中。PDIUSBD12是一种USB接口芯片。文章对PDIUSBD12的功能作了简要介绍，给出了一个由80C51和PDIUSBD12构成的USB接口电路的设计实例，重点介绍了其硬件电路和接口芯片的固件设计方法。     

SMT制程工艺对Sn-37Pb/Cu焊接界面影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了表面贴装技术制程工艺,包括锡膏黏度、锡膏模板厚度、传送带速度、恒温区保温时间、印刷电路板烘烤处理等对Sn-37Pb/Cu焊接界面层的影响.结果显示,SMT制程工艺并不影响焊接界面金属间化合物层的组成,IMCs主要成分为Cu6Sn5相,但影响了IMCs层的形态与厚度,其中传送带速度影响了Cu6Sn5相的平均直径,而恒温区保温时间则对IMCs层的形态与厚度影响最大.