Non-destructive testing and pre-warning analysis on the quality of bolt support in deep roadways of mining districts

The bolt support quality of coal roadways is one of the important factors for the efficiency and security of coal production. By means of a self-developed technique and equipment of random non-destructive testing, non-destructive detection and pre-warning analysis on the quality of bolt support in deep roadways of mining districts were performed in a number of mining areas. The measured data were obtained in the detection instances of abnormal in-situ stress and support invalidation etc. The corresponding relation between axial bolt load variation and roadway surrounding rock deformation and stability was summarized in different mining service stages. Pre-warning technology of roadway surrounding rock stability is proposed based on the detection of axial bolt load. Meanwhile, pre-warning indicators of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are offered and some successful pre-warning cases are also illustrated.The research results show that the change rules of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are quite similar in different mining areas. The change of axial bolt load is in accord with the adjustment of surrounding rock stress, which can consequently reflect the deformation and stability state of roadway surrounding rock. Through the detection of axial bolt load in different sections of roadways, the status of real-time bolt support quality can be reflected; meanwhile, the rationality of bolt support design can be evaluated which provides reference for bolting parameters optimization.     

增强型地热系统热固流耦合数值模拟与分析

为了研究增强型地热系统热储段温度场分布的特点,以及系统在开采过程中结构性能的评估和利用效率变化的规律,结合北京市地质结构活动探测的结果,建立了增强型地热系统热固流耦合微分控制方程,提出了天然裂隙-断层模式热固流的二维数学模型。基于离散裂隙网络模型,对裂隙-断层模式的岩体-水流耦合换热过程进行数值模拟与分析。通过不同算例设置,进行了12 a的计算研究,分析了水流流速、地层断距等因素对岩体温度场、水流温度场的影响效果。在此基础上,总结了不同生产距离水流出口温度和不同岩体固定距离点温度随时间的变化规律。     

复合岩体的TBM破岩机理数值模拟

为了指导TBM刀盘刀具的研制和不同地质条件下刀盘刀具的选型,TBM破岩机理的研究成为核心。在TBM滚刀的作用下,岩体中裂纹的生成、扩展和连接规律是深刻理解TBM破岩机理的前提,因此,TBM滚刀破岩机理的研究具有重要的工程应用价值。目前,TBM滚刀破岩机理的研究主要集中在单一岩体中,但在TBM施工过程中会遇到各种复杂的地质条件。笔者采用离散元方法,研究了复合岩体的破岩机理,复合岩体中岩片的形成不同于单一岩体,其裂纹的最终连接是由起裂于复合岩体交界面上的微裂纹的扩展,将两滚刀之间的赫兹裂纹连接,最终形成岩片。因此,在一定情况下复合岩体更有利于TBM隧道施工。     

平直节理黏结颗粒材料宏细观参数关系及细观参数的标定

为了分析平直节理黏结颗粒材料宏细观参数关系以及进行细观参数的标定,以单轴压缩、直接拉伸和双轴压缩数值试验作为宏观参数测试方法,对平直节理接触模型细观参数进行正交设计,采用多因素方差分析和回归分析研究宏细观参数之间的关系,在此基础上,建立了细观参数的标定方法。以灰岩的室内试验为基础,对其细观参数进行标定,模拟结果与试验结果相接近,验证了方法的有效性。     

Theoretical analysis of a new segmented anchoring style in weakly cemented soft surrounding rock

According to the tensile failure of rock bolt in weakly cemented soft rock, this paper presents a new segmented anchoring style in order to weaken the cumulative effect of anchoring force associated with the large deformation. Firstly, a segmented mechanical model was established in which free and anchoring section of rock bolt were respectively arranged in different deformation zones. Then, stress and displacement in elastic non-anchoring zone, elastic anchoring zone, elastic sticking zone, softening sticking zone and broken zone were derived respectively based on neural theory and tri-linear strain softening constitutive model of soft rock. Results show that the anchoring effect can be characterized by a supporting parameter b. With its increase, the peak value of tangential stress gradually moves to the roadway wall, and the radial stress significantly increases, which means the decrease of equivalent plastic zone and improvement of confining effect provided by anchorage body. When b increases to 0.72, the equivalent plastic zone disappears, and stresses tend to be the elastic solutions. In addition, the anchoring effect on the displacement of surrounding rock can be quantified by a normalization factor δ.     

基于多尺度分析及图论归一化割的矿岩颗粒图像分割及应用

为了克服矿岩颗粒图像分割中的欠分割和过分割现象,基于矿岩颗粒图像的特性, 提出了一种结合多尺度分析与图论的矿岩颗粒图象分割算法。该算法首先利用图像多尺度变换缩小图像,以去噪和减少数据量,再利用改进的图论归一化割(Normalized Cut)算法来分割矿岩颗粒图像。对多种类型的矿岩颗粒图像进行了分割实验,并与阈值、分水岭,聚类分析及FCM等常用的分割方法进行了比较。实验结果证明:研究的算法对岩石颗粒图像具有优于其它分割算法的效果;新算法应用到了大型露天矿的爆堆中的岩石块度测量与分析, 效果令人满意。     

岩体锚件轴向拔力计算

根据力的矢量平衡原理和工程情况,推导出不同角度斜拉状态下的岩体锚件轴向拔力基本式。采用预设参数法进行基本式验算和模拟斜拉状态下的岩体锚件抗拔试验,由试验结果和基本式函数图形分析出式中的平衡参数值,建立斜拉状况下岩体锚件轴向拔力计算式,用其计算岩体锚件不同角度的轴向拔力。该式可为岩体锚件（索、杆）工程、地灾治理中的牵引锚固工程、锚索锚固等工程设计和施工提供可供参考的计算依据,具有较好的应用价值和工程意义。     

直墙拱形巷道围岩应力场分析

为得出直墙拱形巷道围岩应力分布规律,应用复变函数弹性理论推导了直墙拱形巷道围岩应力分布的解析表达式。对直墙拱形巷道边界的围岩应力和巷道水平线方向的围岩应力分布规律进行分析,并考虑直墙拱形巷道断面高宽比和侧压系数对其影响规律。研究表明：在不同巷道断面高宽比、侧压系数下,直墙拱形巷道围岩应力集中区域主要集中在直墙底部底角处、拱形顶板中点附近和底板中部3个位置。不同巷道断面高宽比下,直墙拱形巷道沿水平线的应力分布规律基本相同。侧压系数大于1时,采用巷道断面高宽比小于1较有利于巷道稳定;侧压系数小于等于1时,采用巷道断面高宽比大于1较有利于巷道稳定。     

Non-complete relief method for measuring surface stresses in surrounding rocks

The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with the use of finite element method. The influences of the borehole diameter（d）, the initial stresses and the ratio of the initial principle stresses on the variations of the remained stress and the released stress in function of the relief depth（h） were discussed. The relation between the non-dimensional ratio of the released principle strains and that of the initial principle stresses, and the effect of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock mass on the stress relief curves were studied. The results show that the stress relief behavior formulated with the non-dimensional ratio of the released stress and the ratio of h/d is only sensitive to the ratio of the initial principle stresses and the Poisson ratio. The stresses are completely released when h equals 1.6d, and the tensile stresses take place on the bore core surface in the relief measurement process. Finally, a non-complete relief method of annular hole-drilling for measuring surface stress in surrounding rocks is proposed and the procedure is presented.     

层状岩体受压力学特征结构面效应数值分析

煤层底板岩体是沉积岩,具有显著的层状结构特点。为研究层状岩体压缩强度的结构面效应,通过FLAC3D数值软件,结合改进的遍布节理本构模型,建立层状岩体压缩数值模型,分析单轴、三轴压缩情况下的应力应变响应以及强度特征。研究结果表明：层状岩体压缩强度具有显著的结构面倾角效应。随着倾角的增大,层状岩体的压缩强度呈现先减小后增大的趋势。当结构面倾角为40＆#176;～80＆#176;时,岩体强度整体较低,破裂面主要沿结构面展开。数值试验和理论分析反映的岩体强度随结构面倾角变化规律一致。层状岩体弹性模量沿平行于结构面方向最大,而垂直于结构面方向最小,并随结构面与水平面之间夹角的增加而增大。