天然斜发沸石吸附高浓度氨氮废水试验研究

用山东滩坊某地天然斜发沸石,对模拟高浓度氨氮废水进行脱氮试验研究,结果表明,该地沸石对废水中的氨氮有较高的去除率,对氨氮的对数吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,直线的斜率在0．1～0．5之间,可以作为高浓度氨氮废水的吸附剂使用。     

Effect of Iron on the Deactivation of Ni/Clinoptilolite Catalysts by Thiophene Poisoning

Deactivation of several Ni catalysts supported on a K-clinoptilolite containing iron species was analyzed in the hydrogenation of ethylbenzene in the presence of thiophene. The location and coordination of iron in the zeolite was modified by different thermal treatments given to the catalysts. Studies by ESR showed that the state of iron affects the nature and strength of the iron–nickel interaction. Experimental results indicated the existence of a correlation between that interaction and the resistance of the catalysts to thiophene poisoning, in such a way that the stronger the iron–nickel interaction the higher the sulfur resistance. An interpretation of the differences in sulfur resistance of the catalysts based on the formation of surface electron-deficient Ni species by interaction of Ni particles with Fe³⁺ of the zeolite is discussed. © 1997 SCI.     

NH4+型斜发沸石对Cu2+的离子交换平衡特征

研究了NH4 型斜发沸石对Cu2 的离子交换平衡特征,计算了不同条件下达到离子交换平衡时,NH4 型斜发沸石对Cu2 的选择性校正系数Kc和交换平衡常数Ka,得出了lnKa与实验温度倒数1/T之间的线性关系,并绘制了离子交换等温线.在此基础上,导出了反应标准摩尔焓变(Δr Hmθ)、反应标准摩尔Gibbs自由能变(Δr Hmθ)和反应标准摩尔熵变(Δr Smθ).结果表明:达到离子交换平衡时,NH4 型斜发沸石对Cu2 的最大交换度仅为0.703,Δr Hmθ为7.101 kJ/mol,Δr Gmθ＜0,Δr Smθ＞0,即该过程是吸热和熵增加反应,且该反应在20 ℃能自动发生,但升高温度有利于NH4 型斜发沸石交换Cu2 .     

Evaluation of Ammonium Removal Performances of Some Zeolitic Volcanic Tuffs from Transylvania,Romania

In this study, zeolitic volcanic tuffs (ZVT) originated from Transylvania, Romania were used, to remove ammonium ions from model solution. The zeolitic volcanic tuff samples used as ionic exchangers were characterized by means of chemical analysis, optical microscopy, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET analysis. The main zeolite species identified in the volcanic tuffs from mentioned areas is clinoptilolite. All samples were subjected to chemical treatment with HCl and NaCl, followed by the ionic exchange process. The ionic exchange process was realized in batch and fixed bed column conditions. We found that ionic exchange efficiency varies according to their zeolite content, therefore P (Pâgli?a) and M (M?cica?) samples, which have the highest clinoptilolite content, proved to be more efficient.     

The fuel properties of pyrolytic oils obtained from catalytic pyrolysis of non-recyclable pulper rejects using activated natural minerals

In this study, catalytic pyrolysis of pulper rejects was performed with catalysts obtained from activated clinoptilolite and meerschaum for the production of pyrolytic fuel oils. The increasing proportion of polymers in rejects led to an increase in oil yield in non-catalytic process. The highest liquid (61.4%) and char (32.19%) yields were obtained using 15% clinoptilolite and 5% meerschaum, while the highest gas yield (21.44%) was obtained via the non-catalytic process. The fuel properties of the oils were significantly enhanced with the catalytic process. The clinoptilolite catalyst showed better performance compared to the meerschaum in terms of oil yield and fuel properties.     

Purified Clinoptilolite-Tuff as an Efficient Sorbent for Gluten Derived from Food

Various gluten-related diseases (celiac disease, wheat allergy, gluten sensitivity) are known and their incidence is growing. Gluten is a specific type of plant storage protein that can impair the health of gluten-prone persons following consumption, depending on the origin. The most severe effects are induced by wheat, barley, and rye. The only treatment is based on the absolute avoidance of those foods, as even traces might have severe effects on human well-being. With the goal of binding gluten impurities after ingestion, an in vitro setting was created. A special processed kind of zeolite, purified clinoptilolite-tuff (PCT), was implemented as an adsorber of gluten derived from different origins. Zeolites are known for their excellent sorption capacities and their applications in humans and animals have been studied for a long time. Tests were also performed in artificial gastric and intestinal fluids, and the adsorption capacity was determined via a certified validated method (ELISA). Depending on the kind of gluten source, 80–130 µg/mg of gluten were bound onto PCT. Hence, purified clinoptilolite-tuff, which was successfully tested for wheat, barley, and rye, proved to be suitable for the adsorption of gluten originating from different kinds of crops. This result might form the basis for an expedient human study in the future.     

利用斜发沸石处理氨氮废水的研究

研究了斜发沸石对NH4^ 吸附和解吸特性，得到了最佳的吸附和解吸条件。结果表明：以斜发沸石作为离子交换剂处理氨氮废水是可行的。     

利用Origin软件对吸附等温线拟合进行分析

采用Origin软件对斜发沸石吸附钾离子的实验数据利用Freudlich、Langmuir及Redlich—Peterson等温吸附方程式进行了拟合分析。研究结果表明,Langmuir等温式的线性形式描述实验数据时对参数qm值的预测能产生较大的误差。Redlich-Peterson吸附等温方程式的曲线拟合能对不同温度下斜发沸石吸附钾离子的实验数据进行较好地描述。     

安徽宣城天然斜发沸石深度处理氨氮废水研究

选用对氨氯有较强选择性和吸附性的安徽宣城天然斜发沸石为吸附材料,通过静态、动态和再生吸附实验,系统考察了进水氨氮浓度、pH值、沸石用量、温度、沸石粒径、振荡时间、滤速和水质对氨氤去除率的影响.静态实验结果表明,初始浓度为10mg/L、pH值为7～9之间、粒径为20～40目,静态吸附容量1.6mmol NH4/g.动态实验结果表明,滤速为2m/h、停留时间为30min,出水氨氮浓度达2mg/L以下,每g沸石产水量为0.62L.再生实验结果表明,用500mL浓度为5g/L NaCl溶液作为再生剂,再生时间为1h,一次再生恢复率较好.实验结果为天然沸石深度处理氨氮废水技术的应用提供了参考依据.     

聚丙烯／余斗发沸石基抗菌剂抗菌塑料的制备及其性能研究

制备了Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋-Zn^2＋复合型斜发沸石基抗菌剂，结合正交试验得出了制备Cu^2＋型斜发沸石基抗菌剂的适宜条件。将各型抗菌剂与聚丙烯（PP）、接枝PP混熔后制得高浓度抗菌母粒，再按一定比例加入到PP中制备PP抗菌塑料，并对PP抗菌塑料的力学性能和抗菌性能进行了研究。结果表明：制备各型斜发沸石基抗菌剂的适宜条件为交换温度60℃、交换时间8h、交换液浓度为0．08mol／L；加入3％的抗菌母粒（或1．5％的抗菌剂）对PP力学性能的影响较小，PP抗菌塑料具有良好的抗细菌性能，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率都超过95％。此外，Cu^2＋-Zn^2＋复合型斜发沸石基抗菌塑料中存在Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋协同抗菌效应。