Applications of laser Raman microprobe spectroscopy to the characterization of coals and cokes

Optical microscopy is widely used in the characterization of coals and cokes. This Paper shows that the laser Raman microprobe (MOLE) which combines an optical microscope and a Raman spectrometer can provide useful additional information. Three main areas were investigated: identification of minerals in coal and coke; structural characterization of coals and cokes; and the interaction of inorganic additives and coal. Where possible, the results were compared with conventional optical microscopy measurements whereby it was shown that the optical texture and Raman spectra of cokes are not closely related. The Raman spectra of high temperature cokes were used to estimate the size of microcrystalline regions.     

捣固炼焦在中国焦化工业发展中的前景与展望

介绍了我国炼焦煤源的现状、捣固炼焦的理论依据,并将捣固炼焦技术与常规炼焦方法进行了比较,指出捣固炼焦应向大型化方向发展,并提高捣固和装煤的自动化水平,发展捣固炼焦可促进我国焦化工业的可持续发展。     

冷冻凝聚工艺生产CR322的研制

对原电解质凝聚工艺生产CR322(混合调节型氯丁橡胶)进行了改进，实现了冷冻凝聚新工艺法生产切块CR322，即主乳化剂由松香皂／脂肪酸皂复合型代替了单一松香皂。新工艺解决了冷冻转鼓装置生产CR322过程中“黏杆”及干胶门尼黏度控制等问题。产品无焦烧粒子。且焦烧时间明显延长。     

Correlation of reactivity and electrical resistivity of coke

A correlation between the reactivity and electrical resistivity of a series of cokes was determined using cokes prepared from blends of medium- and high-volatile coals. After correcting for the ash yield of the coke and the density of the resistivity specimen, a statistically significant relation between reactivity and resistivity was established. As the resistivity test requires much less time to perform than the reactivity test, it can be considered as an alternative approach to reactivity testing currently performed for quality control purposes.     

我国煤焦油加工的现状及发展趋势

我国煤焦油加工的现状为：装置规模小；热能回收利用不合理；产品种类少；环境保护存在一定问题。从国内外焦炭市场和生产情况分析，认为我国机焦产量大幅增长是带动煤焦油加工业发展的主要因素。指出我国煤焦油集中加工格局已经形成．时机已经成熟。     

7.63m特大型焦炉砌筑施工技术及要点

主要针对7.63m特大型焦炉砌筑施工技术,从工程实践效果分析其施工技术在质量、工期、成本等方面收到良好的经济效益和社会效益,现对7.63m特大型焦炉施工技术作简要介绍。     

延长生焦时间对延迟焦化装置的影响

国内焦化装置的生焦时间几乎都采用24小时，设计的焦炭塔空高较大，在装置低负荷生产时，适当延长生焦时间，不仅可降低装置的运营成本、提高焦炭质量、降低劳动强度，而且还可降低维修费用。安庆焦化成功地在一套装置上实现了48小时生焦操作，年运行200天，增效约100万元。     

负氢离子释放剂对2-甲基-2-丁烯氢转移反应的影响

负氢离子转移反应是氢转移反应的基元反应,促进负氢离子转移反应可以强化选择性氢转移反应。在反应温度510 ℃、剂/油质量比5、质量空速12 h^-1、N₂气氛条件下,分别考察了四氢萘和十氢萘作为负氢离子释放剂对2-甲基-2-丁烯氢转移反应的影响。结果表明：四氢萘和十氢萘均能有效地促进2-甲基-2-丁烯发生选择性氢转移反应,产物中C₅烯烃产率由52.95%最低分别降至37.83%和17.03%,异戊烷产率由17.80%最高分别增加至42.98%和54.58%,焦炭产率由5.28%最低分别降至3.11%和2.85%;且十氢萘比四氢萘具有更好的供氢能力,相同含量的十氢萘对于产物中烯烃产率的降低幅度、异构烷烃产率和选择性的增加幅度的影响均比四氢萘更大,对焦炭产率的抑制作用更强。在含烯烃汽油中分别加入质量分数10%四氢萘和十氢萘后,烯烃产率由11.20%分别降低至5.48%和4.01%;同时能够很好地抑制焦炭的生成,尤其加入十氢萘后焦炭产率由5.30%降到2.82%。     

燃气联合循环机组汽包水位控制系统的特点

燃气联合循环机组的汽水系统复杂性导致了汽包水位控制成为整个机组控制模拟量控制的难点。文章通过对燃气联合循环机组汽包水位控制的分析,并结合机组运行过程中出现的问题,讨论了该类型机组汽包水位控制的特点,同时提出了有效的解决办法并取得了良好的控制效果。     

汽包水位粒子群-PID优化控制

对循环流化床锅炉汽包水位控制系统,采用串级三冲量PID控制,应用粒子群优化算法对PID控制器进行参数整定,并获得了最优参数。仿真结果表明,与传统整定方法相比,这种参数整定方案使汽包水位控制系统具有更好的控制品质,提高了系统的静动态特性。