Revised Model of Strain in Ceria–Zirconia-Encapsulated Precious-Metal Particles

A previously proposed model of strain in ceria–zirconia-encapsulated precious-metal particles is revised to reflect several new observations: encapsulation of unstrained Pt particles, quantitative relation between partial reduction and the change in ceria–zirconia cell parameters, temperature/time dependence of strain relaxation/imposition in encapsulated Pd and Rh particles, and strained PdO. According to the revised model, the main cause of strain is partial oxidation of the precious metal (rather than the change in oxygen content of ceria–zirconia, as originally suggested).     

用于SO2氧化的V2O5-K2SO4/硅藻土工业催化剂失活原因探讨

本文采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原（TPR）及BET法比表面测定和扫描电镜（SEM）等手段,对两批用于SO₂工业氧化的V₂O₅-K₂SO₄/硅藻土催化剂(A和B)的物相结构、催化活性和比表面等进行了对比研究,探讨了催化剂B在工业生产中快速失活的原因。     

中变催化剂失活典型事例剖析

通过2起中变催化剂失活的事件，从理论上剖析其根源，并探讨防范的对策。     

Study of the deactivation and regeneration of copper chromite on γ-alumina and magnesium chromite on γ-alumina catalysts for fuel combustion

The causes of the deactivation of catalysts for fuel combustion MeCr₂O₄/ -Al₂O₃ (Me = Cu or Mg) have been investigated using a variety of complex physical-chemical methods: IRS, ESDR, XPS, TPD and a pulse microcatalytic method. It has been concluded that the observed deactivation of catalysts during fuel combustion is due to the combined effect of high temperatures and reduction media.     

失活加氢裂化催化剂的研究

采用XRD、ESCA、FT-IR、TEM等技术对两种同类型工业运转失活的加氢裂化催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，碱性氮化物和积炭主要沉积在加氢裂化催化剂的L酸中心上，在B酸中心上积炭较少；引起催化剂失活的主要原因是积炭和有机硫、氮化合物覆盖催化剂的活性中心；导致再生催化剂比表面及酸性降低的主要原因是分子筛骨架坍塌。催化剂经长期使用后，活性金属发生聚集，晶粒长大，边角位活性中心数减少。     

USY分子筛表面酸性的调变及其在催化脱除芳烃中烯烃的应用

详细论述了柠檬酸对USY分子筛的改性作用,以脱除高溴指数芳烃中烯烃的反应为例对其催化活性进行了评价。实验结果表明:0.2mol/L柠檬酸溶液酸性适宜,对分子筛的骨架铝以及非骨架铝进行了有效的脱除,脱除的铝在分子筛中以无定形的非骨架铝形式存在。柠檬酸改性过程可使分子筛的介孔面积以及介孔孔容增大,这十分有利于减缓分子筛的失活速率。柠檬酸改性过程使分子筛表面的强B酸减少,强L酸增多,这有助于减缓分子筛上积炭的生成速率。经过柠檬酸改性的USY分子筛对脱除芳烃中微量烯烃的催化效果明显高于目前工业中在用的普通白土和改性白土。再生实验说明,经3次焙烧再生后,改性分子筛的活性依然在90%以上,具有很好的可再生性。     

苯甲酸加氢用钯碳催化剂的制备、失活及再生研究

研究了苯甲酸加氢用钯碳催化剂的制备、失活及再生。提出了钯碳催化剂的制备关键、加入甲烷化助剂可以延长钯碳催化剂寿命、利用超临界流体再生方法可以有效再生失活钯碳催化剂。     

分子筛催化剂的积炭失活原因探讨

讨论了影响分子筛催化剂积炭失活的主要因素：分子筛孔结构,温度,空速,分子筛酸度,分子筛颗粒尺寸,扩散等,以及分子筛积炭的失活机理。有机物种在分子筛催化剂上的积炭过程是一个十分复杂的催化反应过程。对于不同的反应,其积炭失活的机理是不同的。     

Catalytic Combustion of Model Carbon Particles (CPs) over Pt/β-SiC Catalyst

Platinum catalyst supported on a medium surface area -SiC was successfully used for the catalytic combustion of model carbon particles and compared to a catalyst supported on a low surface area -SiC. The -SiC-based catalyst showed no deactivation as a function of cycling tests while a strong deactivation was observed on the -SiC-based catalyst. This deactivation was attributed to the progressive encapsulation of the platinum particles by a layer of silica which built up during the combustion cycle. These results render possible the use of Pt/-SiC catalyst as a diesel carbon particle catalytic filter with continuous regeneration.     

Ni基生物质焦油重整催化剂的研究进展

Ni基催化剂对生物质气化过程中生成焦油的催化裂解重整具有较好的催化活性,但在催化反应中存在容易积炭进而失活的现象。如何提高Ni基催化剂的催化活性和抗积炭能力是Ni基催化剂研究中的难点。本文从催化剂的活性组分、载体和助催化剂3个方面入手,详细综述了近几年关于提高Ni基生物质焦油重整催化剂催化活性和抗积炭能力的研究进展,讨论了催化剂的活性组分、载体和助催化剂对催化剂催化活性的影响。指出Ni-Fe、Ni-Co、Ni-Cu催化剂均表现出比Ni基催化剂更好的催化活性,助剂的加入有利于提高吸附剂的抗积炭能力和抗烧结能力;催化剂载体方面,钙钛矿型混合金属氧化物载体、煤焦和生物质焦载体具有较好的研究前景。