Development of Deep-Learning-Based Single-Molecule Localization Image Analysis

Recent developments in super-resolution fluorescence microscopic techniques (SRM) have allowed for nanoscale imaging that greatly facilitates our understanding of nanostructures. However, the performance of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is significantly restricted by the image analysis method, as the final super-resolution image is reconstructed from identified localizations through computational analysis. With recent advancements in deep learning, many researchers have employed deep learning-based algorithms to analyze SMLM image data. This review discusses recent developments in deep-learning-based SMLM image analysis, including the limitations of existing fitting algorithms and how the quality of SMLM images can be improved through deep learning. Finally, we address possible future applications of deep learning methods for SMLM imaging.     

Identification of Spliceogenic Variants beyond Canonical GT-AG Splice Sites in Hereditary Cancer Genes

Pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in susceptibility genes that interrupt RNA splicing are a well-documented mechanism of hereditary cancer syndromes development. However, if RNA studies are not performed, most of the variants beyond the canonical GT-AG splice site are characterized as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). To decrease the VUS burden, we have bioinformatically evaluated all novel VUS detected in 732 consecutive patients tested in the routine genetic counseling process. Twelve VUS that were predicted to cause splicing defects were selected for mRNA analysis. Here, we report a functional characterization of 12 variants located beyond the first two intronic nucleotides using RNAseq in APC, ATM, FH, LZTR1, MSH6, PALB2, RAD51C, and TP53 genes. Based on the analysis of mRNA, we have successfully reclassified 50% of investigated variants. 25% of variants were downgraded to likely benign, whereas 25% were upgraded to likely pathogenic leading to improved clinical management of the patient and the family members.     

基于知识蒸馏与改进ViT网络的花卉图像细粒度分类

由于自然条件下拍摄的花卉图像背景复杂,而且其存在类内差异性大和类间相似性高的问题,现有主流方法仅依靠卷积模块提取花卉的局部特征难以实现准确的细粒度分类。针对上述问题,本文提出了1种高精度、轻量化的花卉分类方法(ConvTrans-ResMLP),通过结合Transformer模块和残差MLP(multi-layer perceptron)模块实现对花卉图像的全局特征提取,并在Transformer模块中加入卷积计算使得模型仍保留提取局部特征的能力;同时,为了进一步将花卉分类模型部署到边缘设备中,本研究基于知识蒸馏技术实现对模型的压缩与优化。实验结果表明,本文所提出的方法在Oxford 17、Oxford 102和自制的Flowers 32数据集上的准确率分别达98.62%、97.61%和98.40%;知识蒸馏后本文的轻量化模型的大小约为原来的1/18,而准确率仅下降2%左右。因此,本研究能较好地提升边缘设备下花卉细粒度分类的效率,对促进花卉培育的自动化发展具有切实意义。     

基于LSDANet的手机芯片屏蔽壳表面缺陷检测方法

为了解决手机芯片屏蔽壳表面白印缺陷微小、尺度各异等因素影响检测快速性和准确性的问题,本文提出一种基于长短连接通路和双注意力网络(long short link and double attention network, LSDANet)的手机芯片屏蔽壳表面缺陷检测方法。首先,通过构建基于编码和解码的语义分割模型和利用长短距离连接通路,提高网络模型对尺度各异缺陷的特征提取能力。其次,分别设计基于通道和空间的注意力机制,增大5—10 pixel尺寸的白印缺陷在空间和通道上的特征权重。最后,融合双注意力机制和长短距离连接通路分割模型,构建LSDANet缺陷检测网络,应用于手机芯片屏蔽壳表面缺陷检测。实验数据表明,LSDANet网络能够达到96.21%的平均像素精度、66.13%的平均交并比和39.03的每秒检测帧数,相比多种语义分割算法均具有更高的检测精度和速度。     

融合注意力线性特征多样化的DR分级模型

糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR)是目前人类的主要致盲疾病之一。针对DR数据集中样本类间差异小和类分布不均衡等制约分级性能提高的问题,本文提出一种融合注意力线性特征多样化(fusion of attention linear feature diversification, FALFD)的分级算法。该算法首先用改进的Res2Net残差网络作为模型骨干来增大感受野,进一步提高网络捕捉特征信息的能力;其次引入自适应特征多样化模块(adaptive feature diversification module, AFDM)对眼底图像可分辨的微小病理特征进行识别,获得具有高语义信息的局部特征,避免单一特征区域的限制,进而提高分级准确度;再后利用双线性注意力融合模块(bilinear attention fusion module, BAFM)增加可判别区域特征的网络权重占比;最后采用正则化焦点损失(focal loss, FL)进一步提升算法的分类性能。在IDRID数据集上,灵敏度和特异性分别为94.20%和97.05%,二次加权系数为87.83%;在APTO...     

一种新型的无人机牧草分割网络—LMS-DeeplabV3+

目前草原环境复杂、牧草分散且与背景颜色差异小,无法实现高效精准的分割,因此本文提出了一种新型的轻量化多尺度DeeplabV3+网络(lightweight and multi-scale DeeplabV3+network, LMS-DeeplabV3+)。该网络以DeeplabV3+为基础网络,首先选用轻量级的MobilenetV2作为骨干网络用于初步特征提取,并为了适应牧草分割任务做了网络配置上的调整;其次在加强特征提取模块和解码模块中均使用深度可分离卷积代替普通卷积以轻量化网络;此外利用密集空洞空间金字塔池化(dense atrous spatial pyramid pooling, DASPP)模块捕获更大的感受野,加强各特征之间的交互;又引入卷积注意力机制(convolutional block attention module, CBAM)重分配权重加强特征提取。实验证明,提出的新网络与原始网络相比平均交并比(mean intersection over union,mIOU)提升了8.06个百分点、平均像素精度(mean pixel accuracy,mPA)提升了6.7...     

基于目的层预约的双子电梯群优化控制方法

针对双子电梯群控系统多目标性、不确定性的特点,提出了一种基于目的层预约的双子电梯群优化控制方法。在分析双子电梯结构特点的基础上,构造了适合双子电梯群的目标函数;在不同交通模式下,运用改进的遗传算法进行目的层预约系统下双子电梯群的优化控制仿真。仿真结果表明,控制方法能够适应双子电梯的运行特点,并能适应不同交通流模式,与传统电梯控制系统比较,平均候梯时间、长候梯时间发生率和电梯停靠次数明显减小,可为双子电梯群控系统的工程应用提供理论依据。     

动态场景下基于视觉的SLAM技术研究

针对视觉同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)技术在动态环境中存在定位精度低、地图虚影等问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的动态SLAM算法。该算法利用网络参数少且目标识别率高的YOLOv8n改善系统的视觉前端,为视觉前端增加语义信息,提取动态区域特征点。然后采用LK光流法识别动态区域的动态特征点,剔除动态特征点并保留动态区域内的静态特征点,提高特征点利用率。此外,该算法通过增加地图构建线程,剔除YOLOv8n提取的动态物体点云,接收前端提取的语义信息,实现静态语义地图构建,消除由动态物体产生的虚影。实验结果显示,在动态环境下该算法与ORB-SLAM3相比,定位精度提升92.71%,与其他动态视觉SLAM算法相比,也有小幅度改善。     

膛内边界层数值模拟研究

建立了火炮膛内非定常、可压缩的湍流边界层微分方程数学模型 ,进行了以核心流为准两相流、边界层为湍流的气流传热和膛壁固壁传热的数值仿真 .与实验结果比较表明 ,本文所建立的模型能够很好地模拟火炮膛壁表面温度的变化规律 ,为身管寿命问题的研究起到了重要的作用     

The working mechanism of organic photovoltaic cell by using copper phthalocyanine as exciton blocking layer

We demonstrate the working mechanism of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell with copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as exciton blocking layer (EBL). The new EBL material CuPc, commonly has been used as electron donor in the organic solar cells due to its electron-donating and hole-transporting properties. But here we proves that the α-polymorph CuPc layer can transfer electrons to Al cathode through the half-filled b_1g level, this mechanism is different from that of general EBL material with larger band gap and electron-transporting property, which is based on damage states induced by the heat of evaporating Al.