A Water Stable,Near‐Zero‐Strain O3‐Layered Titanium‐Based Anode for Long Cycle Sodium‐Ion Battery

Layered transition metal (TM) oxides of the stoichiometry Na_xMO₂ (M = TM) have shown great promise in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs); however, they are extremely sensitive to moisture. To date, most reported titanium‐based layered anodes exhibit a P2‐type structure. In contrast, O3‐type compounds are rarely investigated and their synthesis is challenging due to their higher percentage of unstable Ti³⁺ than the P2 type. Here, a pure phase and highly crystalline O3‐type Na_0.73Li_0.36Ti_0.73O₂ with high performance is successfully proposed in SIBs. This material delivers a reversible capacity of 108 mAh g^?1 with a stable and safe potential of 0.75 V versus Na/Na⁺. In situ X‐ray diffraction reveals that this material does not undergo any phase transitions and exhibits a near‐zero volume change upon Na⁺ insertion/de‐insertion, which ensures exceptional long cycle life over 6000 cycles. Importantly, it is found that this O3‐Na_0.73Li_0.36Ti_0.73O₂ shows superior moisture stability, even when immersed into water, which are both elusive for conventional layered TM oxides in SIBs. It is believed that the small interlayer distance and high occupation of interlayer vacancy promise such unprecedented water stability.     

基于深度学习的雷达自动目标识别架构研究

针对深度学习运用于雷达目标识别时存在的数据量欠缺和数据人工标注难等问题,提出将传统目标识别方法与人工智能技术结合,建立面向应用的新的目标识别架构,通过融合处理以及基于传统方法的机器自动标注,获得更优越的识别效果,大幅减少人工标注的工作量,确保系统在低数据量、低标注数据下仍可维持一定的识别效果。雷达实测数据证明了该识别框架的有效性。     

有线电视系统中段电平凸起原因探讨

有线电视网络末端中段电平凸起现象非常普遍，对有线电视信号的传输质量有一定的影响。通常认为均衡特性和频率衰减特性的差异是造成这种现象的主要原因，很难抑制。通过实践和对测试数据的分析，认为电路器件和电缆接头进水是造成这种现象的一个重要原因。     

Removal of Interlayer Water of two Ti3C2Tx MXenes as a Versatile Tool for Controlling the Fermi-Level Pinning-Free Schottky Diodes with Nb:SrTiO3

Striving for the sixth-generation communication technology discovery, semiconductors beyond Si with wider bandgaps as well as non-conventional metals are actively being sought to achieve high speeds whilst maintaining devices miniaturization. 2D materials may provide the potential for downsizing, but their functional advantage over existing counterparts still longs to be discovered. Along that path, surface-adsorbed or bulk-intercalated water molecules remaining after wet-chemical synthesis of 2D materials are generally seen as obstacles to high-performance achievement. Herein, the control of such water within the interlayers of solution-processed metallic 2D titanium carbide (MXene) by vacuum annealing duration is demonstrated. Moreover, the impact of water removal on work function (WF) and functional terminations is unveiled for the first time. Furthermore, the usefulness of such water for controlling a novel Schottky diode in contact with an n-type oxide semiconductor, niobium-doped strontium titanate (Nb:SrTiO₃) is observed. The advantage of MXene compared to conventional gold as facile processing, WF tunability, and lower turn-on voltage in the Schottky anode application is highlighted. This fundamental study shows the way for a novel Schottky diode preparation in atmospheric conditions and provides implications for further research directions aiming at commercialization.     

Unveiling the Synergy of Interfacial Contact and Defects in α-Fe2O3 for Enhanced Photo-Electrochemical Water Splitting

Photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising method for converting solar energy into clean energy, but the mechanism of improving PEC efficiency through the interfacial contact and defect strategy remains highly controversial. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and oxygen vacancies are introduced into α-Fe₂O₃ nanorod (NR) arrays using a simple spin-coating method and acid treatment. The resultant oxygen vacancy–α-Fe₂O₃/rGO-integrated system exhibits a higher photocurrent, four times than the pristine α-Fe₂O₃. It is well evidenced that the electronic interface interaction between α-Fe₂O₃ and rGO is boosted with the oxygen vacancies, facilitating electron transfer from α-Fe₂O₃ to rGO. Moreover, the oxygen vacancies not only create interband states in α-Fe₂O₃ that can trap photogenerated holes and thus facilitate charge separation but significantly also strengthen the adsorption of oxidative intermediates and reduce the energy barrier of rate-determining step during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This study demonstrates an rGO–oxygen vacancy synergistic interfacial contact and defect modification approach to design semiconducting photocatalysts for high-efficiency solar energy capture and conversion. The generated principle is expected to be extendable to another material system.     

Biomimetic Hygroscopic Fibrous Membrane with Hierarchically Porous Structure for Rapid Atmospheric Water Harvesting

Sorption-based atmospheric water generation (SAWG) is a promising strategy to alleviate the drinkable water scarcity of arid regions. However, the high-water production efficiency remains challenging due to the sluggish sorption/desorption kinetics. Herein, a composite sorbent@biomimetic fibrous membrane (PPy-COF@Trilayer-LiCl) is reported by mimicking nature's Murray networks, which exhibits outstanding water uptake performance of 0.77–2.56 g g⁻¹ at a wide range of relative humidity of 30%–80% within 50 min and fast water release capacity of over 95% adsorbed water that can be released within 10 min under one sun irradiation. The superior sorption–desorption kinetics of PPy-COF@Trilayer-LiCl are enabled by the novel hierarchically porous structure, which is also the critical factor to lead a directional rapid water transport and vapor diffusion. Moreover, as a proof-of-concept demonstration, a wearable SAWG device is established, which can operate 10 sorption–desorption cycles per day in the outdoor condition and produce a high yield of clean water reaching up to 3.91 kg m⁻² day⁻¹. This study demonstrates a novel strategy for developing advanced solar-driven SAWG materials with efficient water sorption–desorption properties.     

A Universal Descriptor in Determining H2 Evolution Activity for Dilute Aqueous Zn Batteries

Large-scale energy storage with aqueous Zn batteries (AZBs) have bright future, but their practical application is impeded by H₂ evolution reaction (HER), which results in poor stability of Zn–metal anodes. Here, using linear sweep voltammetry in dilute salt aqueous electrolytes, it is discovered that as the salt concentration decreases, HER is gradually suppressed, which is contrary to prior beliefs. Combining calculations and experiments, it is demonstrated that HER derives predominantly from the sum of Zn²⁺-solvated water rather than the average amount of water in the Zn²⁺-solvation structural unit or free water without interaction with Zn²⁺, which answers the puzzle from above. This result, which differs fundamentally from the previous understandings, sheds new light on the mysterious role of water chemistry in controlling HER and contributes to a more rational design of advanced electrolytes for AZBs.     

基于EKF的脉冲星导航在转移轨道的应用

为提高深空探测器在转移轨道的自主导航能力,提出了一种基于EKF的X射线脉冲星自主导航定位系统.以X射线探测器获得的脉冲到达时间为量测量,以深空探测器轨道动力学模型为状态方程,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法进行状态估计.以美国火星探路者任务深空转移段为例进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明了该方法的可行性与有效性,能够完成深空探测器转移段的自主导航任务.     

深亚微米SOC芯片分层设计方法

根据深亚微米SOC设计的特点和需求,提出了一种新的基于模块的全芯片分层设计方法,它把系统架构、逻辑设计以及物理实现有机结合到一起.通过渐进式时序收敛完成芯片的层次规划,并最终达到一次实现芯片级的时序收敛,大大提高了深亚微米SOC设计的效率,并在实际设计之中得到了有效验证.     

气象卫星红外云图与水汽图的融合技术研究

将多分辨率分析融合方法和多尺度几何分析融合方法应用于气象卫星水汽图和红外云图的融合中,并用主观视觉、平均互信息和Xydeas-Petrovic指标对各种融合算法的性能分别进行了定性和定量评价。结果表明,与源图像相比,融合图像取得了更好的视觉效果,图像中包含了更多的信息量,云体清晰度和云的层次感得到了提高,纹理变得细致了。从平均互信息和Xydeas-Petrovic指标看,多尺度几何分析融合方法的效果较多分辨率分析融合方法更好。