泡菜的功能及防腐研究进展

该文对国内外泡菜的生产状况，泡菜在净肠、抗癌、抗动脉硬化、抗肥胖等方面的功能和泡菜的防腐研究现状作了论述。提出应在保证泡菜典型风味的前提下，实现产品的标准化、规模化生产，力争开拓出更广阔的市场。     

即食凉拌海带丝工艺的研究

研究了以干海带为原料制成即食凉拌海带丝工艺。结果表明,将海带丝于2．0％醋酸＋1％黄酒混合液中浸泡15min,可以有效去除海带的腥味;脱腥后的海带丝放于有效氯为50mg／kg的二氧化氯中浸泡3min,可以起到很好的减菌效果;冷藏温度与保质期的关系密切,以细菌总数为评价指标,5℃冷藏,产品的保质期可达49d．     

延长泡菜和酸菜保质期的研究

探讨了真空包装、低温、加热杀菌等方法对保持泡菜、酸菜固有优良品质的影响。试验结果表明,加热杀菌不适宜泡菜、酸菜的贮藏,抽真空包装结合冷藏是保存泡菜、酸菜的最佳工艺。研究结果对泡菜、酸菜加工、贮藏、销售及食用安全性有一定的参考价值。     

Effectiveness of chitosan‐based coating in improving shelf‐life of eggs

Despite eggs having a natural packaging—shell—they are perishable and can lose their quality during storage. Chitosan‐based coatings were applied to shell eggs to examine potential effects on egg quality properties (weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index) during 4 weeks of storage. Mineral amounts in yolks were also evaluated after 4 weeks of storage. Three chitosan‐based coatings produced with organic acids (acetic‐(C‐AA), lactic‐(C‐LA), and propionic (C‐PA)) were evaluated on shelf‐life enhancements of fresh egg quality. All chitosan‐coated eggs showed greater interior quality than the non‐coated eggs. The coatings significantly maintained weight loss compared to the control specimen (4.96%). Lower weight loss (3.45% for C‐PA, 3.53% for C‐LA) was observed in the coated eggs. Eggshell chitosan coat containing lactic and propionic acids maintained higher Haugh unit and yolk index than eggs coated with acetic acid. Uncoated (UC) eggs changed from grade ‘A’ to ‘B’ after 1 week of storage. Chitosan‐based coating containing lactic and propionic acids maintained eggs in grade ‘A’ for 4 weeks. Haugh unit showed that C‐LA and C‐PA effectively maintained eggs at grade ‘A’ quality for at least 3 weeks more than control and 1 week more than C‐AA. Results also indicated that the chitosan coating maintained mineral amounts at nutritional values (especially calcium, iron and magnesium concentration) in yolks after 4 weeks storage. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of a gelatin coating on the shelf life of fresh meat

ABSTRACT:  The end of shelf life for fresh meat is determined by unacceptable aroma, appearance, and color, which appear before unacceptable microbial counts. Addition of a bovine gelatin coating to fresh meat may extend its shelf life. This study utilized a 20% bovine gelatin solution that was spray-coated onto beef tenderloins, pork loins, salmon fillets, and chicken breasts which were packaged in an 80% O₂ and 20% CO₂ modified atmosphere and stored under fluorescent light at 4 °C for 2 wk. All of the gelatin-coated fresh meat products showed a reduction in purge. The gelatin reduced purge by acting as a barrier to water loss. There was a reduction in color deterioration for gelatin-coated beef, a slight reduction of color deterioration for gelatin-coated pork, and no reduction in color deterioration for salmon and chicken. The gelatin coat reduced color deterioration by acting as a barrier to oxygen, but also had a negative effect on color due to its own color deterioration. No change in lipid oxidation was seen with any of the gelatin-coated meat products. The gelatin coat was not an effective barrier for lipid oxidation at refrigeration temperatures. Sensory analysis of beef tenderloins confirmed that color deterioration was reduced, and flavor was not affected by the application of a gelatin coat. The gelatin coat was equally effective during light and dark storage. It was more effective on vacuum packaged products than on modified atmosphere packaged products.     

影响生鲜面货架期的因素及最新保鲜技术

系统介绍了影响生鲜面货架期的主要因素,包括原始含菌量、水分含量、储藏温度和添加刑的种类,并且介绍了冷杀菌技术和气调包装技术在生鲜面保鲜方面的应用.     

冷鲜鸡胸肉主要腐败菌的分离及低温贮藏对货架期的影响

冷鲜鸡肉的货架期与其腐败菌的种类和数量密切相关。采用选择性培养基对冷鲜鸡胸肉中的主要腐败菌进行了分离,并对其低温条件下的货架期进行了研究。结果表明,假单胞菌、热死环丝菌、肠杆菌和乳酸菌是冷鲜鸡胸肉中的主要腐败菌;在低温贮藏过程中,前两种菌的数量呈明显上升趋势,并成为优势菌群。在2、4、8和10℃贮藏条件下,冷鲜鸡胸肉的货架期分别为14、10、5和3 d。     

鲤鱼假单胞菌生长动力学研究和货架期预测

以0,5,10,15℃条件下有氧冷藏的鲤鱼为研究对象,用Statistica软件拟合不同温度下优势腐败菌——假单胞菌的生长情况。结果表明,修正的Gompertz方程均能较好地描述假单胞菌在0～15℃范围内的生长动态。贮藏温度对Nmax(最大菌数)的影响不大,在4种温度下Nmax的平均值为(6.91±0.13)lg CFU/g。采用Belehradek方程分析发现,温度与μmax(最大比生长速率)和λ(延滞时间)均呈现良好的线性关系。再把鲤鱼贮藏在3,8,12℃来验证所建立的货架期(shelf life,SL)预测模型的可靠性,求得的SL预测值相比实测值的相对误差分别为-9.35%、-9.38%、-8.89%,表明SL预测模型能够较快速实时地预测0～15℃条件下鲤鱼贮藏过程中的鲜度品质和剩余SL。     

Short communication: Nα-Lauroyl-l-arginine ethylester monohydrochloride reduces bacterial growth in pasteurized milk

Effective strategies for extending fluid milk product shelf-life by controlling bacterial growth are of economic interest to the dairy industry. To that end, the effects of addition of l-arginine, Nα-lauroyl ethylester monohydrochloride (LAE) on bacterial numbers in fluid milk products were measured. Specifically, LAE was added (125, 170, or 200 mg/L) to conventionally homogenized and pasteurized 3.25% fat chocolate or unflavored milk products. The treated milks and corresponding untreated controls were held at 6°C and plated on standard plate count agar within 24 h of processing and again at 7, 14, 17, and 21 d of storage. Bacterial counts in all unflavored milk samples treated with LAE remained below the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance limit for grade A pasteurized fluid milk of 4.3 log cfu/mL for the entire 21 d. Bacterial counts in unflavored samples containing 170 and 200 mg/L of LAE were significantly lower than those in the untreated unflavored milk at d 17 and 21 postprocessing. Specifically, bacterial counts in the milk treated with 200 mg/L of LAE were 5.77 log cfu/mL lower than in untreated milk at 21 d postprocessing. Bacterial counts in chocolate milk treated with 200 mg/L of LAE were significantly lower than those in the untreated chocolate milk at d 14, 17, and 21. In chocolate milk treated with 200 mg/L of LAE, bacterial counts were 0.9 log cfu/mL lower than in the untreated milk at 21 d postprocessing. Our results show that addition of LAE to milk can reduce bacterial growth. Addition of LAE is more effective at controlling bacterial growth in unflavored milk than in chocolate milk.     

Effect of Co γ-irradiation on postharvest quality and selected enzyme activities of Pleurotus nebrodensis

Freshly harvested Pleurotus nebrodensis fruit bodies were exposed to four different doses (0.8-2.0 kGy) of ⁶⁰Co γ-irradiation and various physiological changes associated with postharvest deterioration, as well as the activities of selected enzymes (proteinase, polyphenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase) thought to play a role in the process of deterioration, were monitored during 22 days of subsequent storage at 4 °C and 65-70% relative humidity. An irradiation dose of 1.2 kGy significantly delayed (by 6-9 days) the onset of fruit body softening, splitting and browning compared with non-irradiated controls and test samples subjected to lower or higher irradiation doses. Irradiation with 1.2 and 1.6 kGy also had a positive effect on other indicators of mushroom tissue senescence, resulting in smaller decreases in soluble protein levels and more protracted increases in proteinase activity. Peak levels of polyphenoloxidase activity, widely recognized as causing postharvest browning of mushroom tissue, were also significantly lower (P < 0.05) in fruit bodies exposed to 1.2 kGy compared with non-irradiated controls. Our data increase our understanding of the effects of γ-irradiation on the biochemical changes associated with postharvest deterioration in P. nebrodensis, and improve the prospects of more targeted strategies for extending the shelf life of both this and other mushrooms.