Effects of pretreatments on colour alterations of litchi during drying and storage

The objective of this research was to study the effect of osmotic pretreatment with combined anti-browning agents (acid, glycerol and/or trehalose) on the colour characteristics of dried litchi after drying and during 5 months of storage compared to samples without pretreatment. The pretreated samples showed good inhibition of polyphenol oxidase activity when compared with the control, while the total phenolic contents in the dried products were not reduced. The results demonstrated that water activity, lightness difference, chroma, degree of browning (DB), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural values of all pretreated samples increased, while hue angle decreased with storage time. Samples pretreated with glycerol showed the best potential for browning retardation, followed by glycerol combined with trehalose, and trehalose, respectively. In addition, the colour parameters were used to calculate the luminescence values, representing the data in grey scale, which were correlated with a non-enzymatic browning index. The results showed grey value could be adequately used to represent the DB of dried litchi with r ² value of 0.92.     

Preservation of biological materials under desiccation

A number of life forms, including seeds, certain nematodes, bacterial and fungal spores, and cysts of certain crustaceans, show an ability to survive desiccation. The present article reviews the literature available on this subject and critically evaluates the evidence for various mechanisms that may be responsible for these phenomena. Specific mechanisms considered include vitrification (glass formation) by sugars and other polyhydroxy compounds that are accumulated by the desiccated structures, specific effects of polyhydroxy compounds on membranes, effect of “compatible solutes” on conformation of key proteins, as well as other biochemical mechanisms.

The article presents potential applications relevant to food technology and to biotechnology and reviews the research required to materialize more effective use of desiccation in food and biopreservation.     

节能型甲基异丙基酮分离工艺研究

甲基异丙基酮生产中,水与甲基异丙基酮等形成共沸物,文中运用剩余曲线图(RCM)方法对甲基异丙基酮分离过程进行分析研究,根据非均相共沸精馏原理,提出了在丙酮塔中增加油水分离器的方法脱除待分离物系中的水,从而达到节能的目的。文章在Aspen Plus中建立了该节能型甲基异丙基酮分离过程的模拟模型,进行了计算和分析,并加以实验验证,二者比较吻合。结果表明,该分离工艺即节省了设备投资,又降低了分离能耗,并且提高了脱水效率,改善了产品质量,同时还提高了产品收率,所用方法对简化工艺流程起到了积极作用。     

Functional properties of reduced moisture fruits as ingredients in food systems

Fruit pieces of some species have been processed to be used as ingredients in various food systems, either by partial dehydration alone or by osmosis and partial dehydration, to achieve different levels of water activity and solids contents in the final products.

The relationships existing among processing, phase composition after processing and functional properties of the products have been assessed within a useful range of water content and water activity.

The functional properties are expressed as diagrams relating the phase composition (soluble solids, insoluble solids and water) to the range of consistencies obtainable at various water activities. These diagrams provide a useful tool for preparing fruit ingredients suitable for specific food systems.     

渗透脱水蓝莓流化床干燥工艺的研究

经渗透脱水处理的蓝莓在流化床中用5种不同的干燥温度(50、60、70、80、90℃)进行干燥,结果显示, 干燥温度影响物料的水分散失,水分散失率随温度的提高而增加。随着干燥处理的进行水分含量和水分活度都呈下降趋势,且温度越高,两者下降越多。根据费克第二不稳定扩散法则,计算出不同温度下的有效水分扩散率 (D_(eff))分别为(0．753 2～3．673 7)×10~(-10)m~2/s。在干燥脱水处理过程中 D_(eff)随处理温度升高而增加。     

靴套的创新开发--QualiFlex靴套

对比了QualiFlex Q型,QualiFlex QX型、QualiFlex QV型三种聚胺酯材料靴套的性能,从而说明独特的QualiFlex靴套性能,使纸幅横幅水分的均匀性得到改善,纸幅出压榨干度得以维持恒定.     

高水分组织化花生蛋白产品干燥和复水特性研究

采用双螺杆挤压机研制的高水分组织化花生蛋白产品中(HM-TPP)蛋白质含量高,具有与动物肌肉类似的纤维状结构和口感,可作为食品原料和配料。文中主要分析了高水分组织化花生蛋白产品的干燥和复水特性。干燥试验结果表明:随干燥温度的增加制品中水分含量达到10%以下所需干燥时间明显缩短,在40、50和60℃下,分别需干燥4.5、7和13 h。其中,60℃下的干燥速率明显高于50℃和40℃下的干燥速率。干制HM- TPP产品的复水试验结果显示:在复水前期(1 h),水温40℃和60℃时的复水速率明显高于20℃的,但40℃和60℃的复水速率无明显区别。复水2.5～3.5 h后,复水产品中水分含量基本达到饱和状态。所得复水产品质地柔韧、表面光滑,富有弹性,基本可以恢复到新鲜产品的品质特性。     

复合处理剂FYS-1在油田注聚采出液处理中的应用

复合处理剂FYS-1是针对油田采出液中聚合物含量高、粘度高和油水乳化严重等特点而研制开发的一种非离子型高分子产品.室内和现场试验结果表明,该药剂具有优良的综合处理能力,一剂多用,在油田注聚采出液处理领域具有推广应用前景.     

三元复合驱采出液电脱水技术研究进展

由于三元复合驱采出液的成分复杂,采出液的导电率增大,严重时会发生极间短路现象,致使电脱水器无法正常运行。从三元复合驱采出液电脱水技术难点及原因入手,着重介绍了国内油田科研工作者近年来在高效化学破乳技术研发领域和电脱水器功能技术改造领域针对这一技术难题所做的工作,探讨了三元复合驱采出液电脱水技术的发展方向。     

绝热固定床反应器的乙醇脱水制乙烯反应工艺

为开发新型生物质乙醇脱水制乙烯反应工艺,采用了上海石油化工研究院开发的氧化铝催化剂,在绝热床反应器中进行了工艺实验优化研究。考察了不同水醇质量比、空速和反应器进口温度等对乙醇转化率和乙烯选择性的影响,应用该实验数据,结合前期建立的该催化剂上的乙醇脱水催化反应本征动力学,对该催化剂上的乙醇脱水催化反应本征动力学方程系数进行校正,计算出关于关键组分的该催化剂的效率因子,建立了更适宜于工业应用的宏观动力学模型,模型计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。相对于等温固定床反应工艺或单段绝热床反应工艺,所研发的氧化铝催化剂上四段绝热床反应工艺的能耗降低,乙醇转化率提高,乙烯选择性得到很大的提高,为工业反应器的优化设计以及放大提供必须的工艺设计数据。