Evaluation of two alternative carbon capture and storage technologies: A stochastic model

In this paper we evaluate two alternative CCS technologies at a coal-fired power plant from an investor's point of view. The first technology uses CO₂ for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) paired with storage in deep saline formations (DSF) and the second merely stores CO₂ in DSF. The paper updates and improves on an earlier publication by Tzimas et al. (2005). For projects of this type there are many sources of risk, three of which stand out: the price of electricity, the price of oil and the price of carbon allowances. In this paper we develop a general stochastic model that can be adapted to other projects such as enhanced gas recovery (EGR) or industrial plants that use CO₂ for either EOR or EGR with CCS. The model is calibrated with UK data and applied to help understand the conditions that generate the incentives needed for early investments in these technologies. Additionally, we analyse the risks of these investments. Investments with EOR and secondary DSF storage can only be profitable (NPV > 0) when there is a high long-term equilibrium price for oil of more than $56.38/barrel. When the investment decision can be made at any time, i.e. there is an option value, then the trigger value for optimal investment is significantly higher.     

Decentralized control: Status and outlook

This paper reviews state of the art in the area of decentralized networked control systems with an emphasis on event-triggered approach. The models or agents with the dynamics of linear continuous-time time-invariant state-space systems are considered. They serve for the framework for network phenomena within two basic structures. The I/O-oriented systems as well as the interaction-oriented systems with disjoint subsystems are distinguished. The focus is laid on the presentation of recent decentralized control design and co-design methods which offer effective tools to overcome specific difficulties caused mainly by network imperfections. Such side-effects include communication constraints, variable sampling, time-varying transmission delays, packet dropouts, and quantizations. Decentralized time-triggered methods are briefly discussed. The review is deals mainly with decentralized event-triggered methods. Particularly, the stabilizing controller–observer event-based controller design as well as the decentralized state controller co-design are presented within the I/O-oriented structures of large scale complex systems. The sampling instants depend in this case only on a local information offered by the local feedback loops. Minimum sampling time conditions are discussed. Special attention is focused on interaction-oriented system architecture. Model-based approach combined with event-based state feedback controller design is presented, where the event thresholds are fully decentralized. Finally, several selected open decentralized control problems are briefly offered as recent research challenges.     

A comprehensive approach to evaluating watershed models for predicting river flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services

Selection of strategies that help reduce riverine inputs requires numerical models that accurately quantify hydrologic processes. While numerous models exist, information on how to evaluate and select the most robust models is limited. Toward this end, we developed a comprehensive approach that helps evaluate watershed models in their ability to simulate flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services. We demonstrated the method using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF) model, and Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model (DLBRM) applied to the Maumee River Basin (USA). The approach helped in identifying that each model simulated flows within acceptable ranges. However, each was limited in its ability to simulate flows triggered by extreme weather events, owing to algorithms not being optimized for such events and mismatched physiographic watershed conditions. Ultimately, we found HSPF to best predict river flow, whereas SWAT offered the most flexibility for evaluating agricultural management practices.     

12 MW热电联产装置运行总结

总结了12MW热电联产装置的特点及运行情况。实际运行情况证明,建设热电联产装置是以煤为原料的中、小氮肥企业彻底解决造气炉渣及细灰综合利用,使其变废为宝的一条重要途径,也是氮肥企业降低生产成本、增加效益、提高企业市场竞争力的必然选择。     

浅谈皮带定量给料机的机械配置选型

皮带定量给料机是目前水泥生产企业中最为常见的过程计量和配料的设备。作者结合多年来开发、调试和使用皮带定量给料机的实践经验与资料积累，介绍了如何根据实际需要和使用量程，通过对皮带定量给料机的主要机械参数的计算来合理地选用定量给料机的型号和规格。     

试论供电企业的电力营销管理方法

树立正确的营销意识,丰富营销方法,有利于供电企业更好地适应不断变化的市场,提供质量更高的市场服务。分析了供电企业电力营销中存在的问题,提出了具体的改革方法。     

关于中压电缆网双环接线方式供电能力的分析

结合北京地区现阶段对相关技术的规定,以实际供用电方案为例,对中压电缆网双环接线方式的供电能力进行深入讨论。通过设计环网单元划分,发现某些条件下双环网供电能力可以得到进一步提升。     

建筑工程机电安装施工技术

机电安装在建筑工程中涉及的专业面非常广泛,学科跨度较大。虽然机电安装有自身的固有特征,但它的通用性很强。分析了机电安装工程的概况、特点和相关技术,研究了机电安装中出现的问题,并提出相应的解决措施。     

浅谈电子产品对儿童的影响及对策

在现代社会中,平板电脑、智能手机在人们日常生活的方方面面发挥着巨大的作用。通过分析电子产品在儿童和青少年的视力、身体发育、社交能力和学习能力等方面的负面影响,提出了加强亲子陪伴、合理引导控制等应对措施。