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31.
Interest in advanced modulation formats for optical communication systems has so far experienced two major waves. The first one was motivated by the potential to enhance receiver sensitivity of thermal noise-limited systems using coherent detection in combination with phase shift keying. It ended with the advent of optical amplification, enabling high sensitivities together with polarization insensitive, simple and stable direct detection. The second wave is still rolling, fueled by the potential of advanced modulation formats to increase robustness of optical transmission systems against signal distortions. Due to performance limitations given by direct detection and nonlinear effects in the transmission fiber, it is not decided yet, whether there will be widespread application in carrier networks. 相似文献
32.
Kazi Md. Shorowordi Md. Mohar Ali Bepari 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2002,11(6):625-630
Carbon (0.13%) steel samples containing about 0.48% molybdenum (Mo) singly and in combination with nickel (Ni) were carburized in a natural Titas gas atmosphere at a temperature of 1223 K (950 °C) and at a pressure of about 0.10 MPa (15 psia) for time periods ranging from 1–4 h followed by slow cooling in the furnace. Their microstructure was studied by optical microscopy. The austenite grain size of the case and the case depths were determined. It was found that Mo and Ni alone and in combination decrease the thickness of the cementite network near the surface of the carburized case of the steels. However, Ni is found to be more effective than Mo in decreasing the thickness of cementite network. Both Mo and Ni enhance the formation of Widmanstätten cementite plates at the grain boundary and within the grains near the surface of the carburized steels. However, Ni alone is more effective than Mo in the formation of Widmanstätten cementite plates. In the presence of Ni, Mo is much more effective in the formation of Widmanstätten cementite plates than Mo in absence of Ni. It was also revealed that both Mo and Ni increased the case depth. Ni is more effective than Mo in increasing the case depth. The combined effect of Mo and Ni is much greater than that of either Mo or Ni alone in increasing case depth. Mo as Mo carbide (Mo2C) particles refined the austenite grain size of the carburized case. Ni in solution was not found to have any effect in restricting grain growth of austenite, but the presence of Ni enhances the austenite grain size refining effect of Mo in the carburized case. 相似文献
33.
34.
将8098单片机所特有的用软件来实现A/D,D/A及PWM信号输出的特性应用在模拟式移相电路中,展示了模拟式移相电路改造成具有智能化特点的一条有效途径。 相似文献
35.
论述了国内外金相测定球化退火钢脱碳层深度的标准方法和常用方法存在的不准确性和不适用性问题,提出了解决问题的途径——定量金相法。 相似文献
36.
37.
介绍了扩频通信有效的MSK信号特点及声表面波MSK抽头延迟线构成方式,给出了声表面波32位MSK抽头延迟线的实验结果。 相似文献
39.
S Fukuda 《Bulletin of Materials Science》1996,19(6):887-891
The conventional approach has put emphasis upon reducing labour, and increasing efficiency and uniformity. But this holds
good only in the mass production paradigm. As we are entering the age of small production with far wider varieties, these
principles of yesterday should be re-examined. Labour itself sometimes gives satisfaction if it involves the joy of creation,
and longer time does not necessarily mean just patience, it sometimes turns into expectation if greater joy will be provided
later. Too much fitness for the purpose sometimes means lack of robustness and adaptability to the quickly and widely changing
environment. Thus, we should reconsider the items we thought important in the mass production age to aptly cope with the diversification
of each customer’s requirements. 相似文献
40.
对液压胀形轧辊(即国外的VC轧辊)辊套热装后的弹性变形进行了有限元分析,给出了确定油槽最小深度的计算公式。本文的有限元计算结果与实验结果吻合,某些结论可为液压胀形轧辊的结构设计提供理论依据。 相似文献