瞬态气体温度传感器研究

本文介绍了作者研制的瞬态气体温度传感器.针对传感器敏感元件的结构设计，应用等效物理模型，对影响温度测试精度和动态响应的结构参数以及使用方法进行了计算分析.研制出的温度传感器经激波管动态标定，证明其具有百微秒级的动态响应.本文最后介绍了在倒拖工况下，柴油机缸内瞬态气体温度的测试结果．     

超高增压柴油机与斯特林发动机复合运行的分析

本文对超高增压柴油机与斯特林发动机的复合运行进行了初步的探讨,陈述了这种复合运行作为未来发动机技术发展方向之一的可能性。     

Promising alloys for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell interconnect application

The formation of a low Cr-volatility and electrically conductive oxide outer layer atop an inner chromia layer via thermal oxidation is highly desirable for preventing chromium evaporation from solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) metallic interconnects at the SOFC operation temperatures. In this paper, a number of ferritic Fe–22Cr alloys with different levels of Mn and Ti as well as a Ni-based alloy Haynes 242 were cyclically oxidized in air at 800 °C for twenty 100-h cycles. No oxide scale spallation was observed during thermal cycling for any of these alloys. A mixed Mn₂O₃/TiO₂ surface layer and/or a (Mn, Cr)₃O₄ spinel outer layer atop a Cr₂O₃ inner layer was formed for the Fe–22Cr series alloys, while an NiO outer layer with a Cr₂O₃ inner layer was developed for Haynes 242 after cyclic oxidation. For the Fe–22Cr series alloys, the effects of Mn and Ti contents as well as alloy purity on the oxidation resistance and scale area specific resistance were evaluated. The performance of the ferritic alloys was compared with that of Haynes 242. The mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient between the different layers in the oxide scale was identified as a potential concern for these otherwise promising alloys.     

聚乙烯醇膜的阻醇及导电性能(Ⅱ)戊二醛交联聚乙烯醇膜

为提高直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)用膜的阻醇性能，采用在渗透蒸发领域广泛使用且具有良好分离效果的聚乙烯醇(PVA)为主要材料，制备了戊二醛(GA)交联PVA膜，考察了此类膜的阻醇及质子导电能力。PVA(GA)膜的阻醇效果较目前在DMFC中广泛使用的Nation膜有显著提高，但其自身不具有质子导电能力，需外加电解质溶液以提高其电导率。     

燃料性质对加热炉腐蚀结焦的影响及其防治

从加热炉燃料变化情况入手 ,分析了加热炉目前存在的炉管结垢 ,预热器烟气露点腐蚀以及炉体腐蚀等问题。从机理上进行了探讨 ,从而提出了原油脱金属、燃料气脱硫、燃料油优化、化学除垢以及预热器改造等防护措施。     

影响喷气燃料与橡胶相容性的因素

采用几种具有不同初始物理性能及不同丙烯腈含量、不同硫化剂和硫化程度的丁腈橡胶，考察了其配方和物理性能对采用不同工艺条件生产的喷气燃料的相容性。结果表明，喷气燃料与橡胶的相容性不仅与喷气燃料的加工工艺有关，而且与橡胶的组成及其制备工艺有关。采用非加氢工艺生产的喷气燃料与橡胶的相容性好于采用加氢工艺(特别是加氢裂化工艺)生产的喷气燃料。橡胶材料的初始力学性能的好坏并不完全决定其与喷气燃料相容性的好坏，橡胶材料的耐过氧化物侵蚀能力才是影响相容性好坏的主要因素。橡胶的组成和其制备工艺决定了橡胶在喷气燃料中萃取物的数量和组成，不同萃取物的综合作用给相容性带来不同程度的影响。用硫作硫化剂的橡胶虽然原始强度低于用过氧化物作硫化剂的橡胶，但前者与喷气燃料的相容性却远好于后者。     

内燃机车临时补水设备的设计与应用

针对内燃机车“途中缺水”故障 ,设计并安装临时补水设备 ,解决了电化区段临时补水的问题 ,满足了内燃机车“不停车、不停机”即可补水的要求。     

-35~#轻柴油的生产

为满足市场发展的需求 ,胜利炼油厂用胜利混合原油为原料 ,根据用户要求成功开发生产了 -3 5 #轻柴油新产品。该产品完全符合国家标准GB2 5 2 -2 0 0 0中 -3 5 #轻柴油的各项质量指标要求 ,为胜利炼油厂赢得市场 ,增加了经济效益     

FEM model of the ohmic resistance of IP-SOFCs

In the present work, the ohmic resistance of an integrated planar-SOFC (IP-SOFC) has been evaluated by developing a model whose equations have been solved numerically through an FEM method. The model allows to estimate the distribution of voltage and current density in the cell. A comparison between simulated and experimental data of area specific resistance is reported, which shows satisfactory agreement. The mathematical model has also been used to carry out some parametric studies for optimisation purposes. Indeed, a reduction in cell pitch length and an increase in electrode thickness are predicted to lead to a reduction in ohmic losses in IP-SOFCs.     

NiCoFe/C cathode electrocatalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells

A direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), which is less prone to ethanol crossover, is reported. The cell consists of PtRu/C catalyst as the anode, Nafion^® 117 membrane, and Ni–Co–Fe (NCF) composite catalyst as the cathode. The NCF catalyst was synthesized by mixing Ni, Co, and Fe complexes into a polymer matrix (melamine-formaldehyde resins), followed by heating the mixture at 800 °C under inert atmosphere. TEM and EDX experiments suggest that the NCF catalyst has alloy structures of Ni, Co and Fe. The catalytic activity of the NCF catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was compared with that of commercially available Pt/C (CAP) catalyst at different ethanol concentrations. The decrease in open circuit voltage (V_oc) of the DEFC equipped with the NCF catalysts was less than that of CAP catalyst at higher ethanol concentrations. The NCF catalyst was less prone to ethanol oxidation at cathode even when ethanol crossover occurred through the Nafion^®117 film, which prevents voltage drop at the cathode. However, the CAP catalyst did oxidize ethanol at the cathode and caused a decrease in voltage at higher ethanol concentrations.