Roles of interaction between components in CZZA/HZSM-5 catalyst for dimethyl ether synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation

The roles of interaction between two catalyst components in CuO–ZnO–ZrO₂–Al₂O₃ (CZZA)/HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis via carbon dioxide hydrogenation were investigated. It was found that CZZA catalyst showed excellent stability during methanol (MeOH) synthesis for 100 h, while there was a severe loss of catalytic activity in the bifunctional catalyst for DME synthesis. Hence, the effects of different degrees of intimacy of two catalyst components were studied for DME synthesis, including mixed and separated modes. For the mixed mode, the particle size of catalysts and the amount of reaction intermediates were proven to influence the catalyst deactivation. For the separated mode, the catalysts showed rapid deactivation within a short time. Various characterizations indicated that the remarkable deactivation of separated mode was mainly caused by the decrease of copper active centers (e.g., sintering and oxidation) and blockage of acid sites via increased coke deposition on HZSM-5.     

草酸盐共沉淀法制备金刚石金属结合剂

以制备金刚石金属结合剂为目的,本文研究了用共沉淀法制备的含草酸亚铁、草酸铜和草酸镍为所需比例的三组分共沉淀作为金属结合剂前驱体,然后还原制得金属结合剂.研究了草酸盐共沉淀中的各组分的收率,确定了共沉淀的最佳反应条件:溶液浓度(Fe2 )0.38 mol/L,反应温度50℃,反应时间1 h,氢氧化钠和草酸物质的量的比值为1～2:1.通过TPR和MS谱研究了共沉淀的分解还原过程及产物形态,研究发现,两者的加入能降低草酸亚铁的还原温度,共沉淀分解还原后生成合金粉末;对合金粉末进行了机械性能测定,结果表明:合金粉具有较好的硬度,比机械混合的结合剂提高20%以上,抗弯强度略有下降,但二者配合使用有较好的效果.     

基于Aspen Plus的聚甲氧基二甲醚精馏过程模拟分析

在装有θ环填料的精馏塔内进行了聚甲氧基二甲醚精馏实验。利用化工流程模拟软件.AspenPlus对聚甲氧基二甲醚精馏过程进行模拟,首先,采用DsTWU简捷蒸馏模型,运用软件中NRTL、WILSON、UNIQUAC,3种物性方法对精馏塔进行了计算,得到了回流比、塔板数和温度等操作参数。接着,采用RadFrac严格精馏模型对精馏塔进行了验证,其计算结果与实验结果吻合良好,满足工艺要求。最后,对精馏塔的操作变量进行了灵敏度分析,讨论了进料位置、进料流率和回流比等参数对精馏分离要求与能耗的影响,并确定了最优化方案,即:进料板为第50块,进料流率为35 mol/h,回流比为6。     

Drug self-assembly: A phenomenon at the nanometer scale with major impact in the structure–biological properties relationship and the treatment of disease

Under water-rich conditions, small amphiphilic and hydrophobic drug molecules self-assemble into supramolecular nanostructures. Thus, substantial modifications in their interaction with cellular structures and the ability to reach intracellular targets could happen. Additionally, drug aggregates could be more toxic than the non-aggregated counterparts, or vice versa. Moreover, since self-aggregation reduces the number of effective “monomeric” molecules that interact with the target, the drug potency could be underestimated. In other cases, the activity could be ascribed to the non-aggregated molecule while it stems from its aggregates. Thus, drug self-assembly could mislead from drug throughput screening assays to advanced preclinical and clinical trials. Finally, aggregates could serve as crystallization nuclei. The impact that this phenomenon has on the biological performance of active compounds, the inconsistent and often controversial nature of the published data and the need for recommendations/guidelines as preamble of more harmonized research protocols to characterize drug self-aggregation were main motivations for this review. First, the key molecular and environmental parameters governing drug self-aggregation, the main drug families for which this phenomenon and the methods used for its characterization are described. Then, promising nanotechnology platforms investigated to prevent/control it towards a more efficient drug development process are briefly discussed.     

Thermodynamic studies on the complete phase diagram of aqueous two phase system containing polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 2000 and di-potassium hydrogen phosphate at different temperatures

The liquid-liquid equilibrium of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 2000 (PEGDME₂₀₀₀)+K₂HPO₄+H₂O system has been determined experimentally at T=(298.15,303.15,308.15 and 318.15) K. The liquid-solid and complete phase diagram of this system was also obtained at T=(298.15 and 308.15) K. A nonlinear temperature dependent equation was successfully used for the correlation of the experimental binodal data. Furthermore, a temperature dependent Setschenow-type equation was successfully used for the correlation of the tie-lines of the studied system. Moreover, the effect of temperature on the binodal curves and the tie-lines for the investigated aqueous two-phase system have been studied. Also, the free energies of cloud points for this system and some previously studied systems containing PEGDME₂₀₀₀ were calculated from which it was concluded that the increase of the entropy is the driving force for formation of aqueous two-phase systems. Additionally, the calculated free energies for phase separation of the studied systems were used to investigate the salting-out ability of the salts having different anions. Furthermore, the complete phase diagram of the investigated system was compared with the corresponding phase diagrams of previously studied systems, in which the PEGDME₂₀₀₀ has been used, in order to obtain some information regarding the phase behavior of these PEGDME₂₀₀₀+salt+water systems.     

甲烷磺酸合成新工艺的研究

以硫、硫化钠、硫酸二甲酯为起始原料制备了二甲基二硫，然后用氯气氧化二甲基二硫得甲烷磺酰氯，经水解合成了甲烷磺酸，产品无色无味，甲烷磺酸的质量分数≥98％，硫酸根离子和氯离子的质量浓度均小于20mg/L。     

二甲基硫醚的光解特性

本文对二甲基硫醚（ＤＭＳ）在有氧、无氧及有Ｈ２Ｏ２存在的情况下紫外光辐照，然后在２０ｍ长光程 籍富里叶红外光谱仪测定光解产物的吸光谱，实验表明在无氧的情况下ＤＭＳ的Ｃ－Ｓ键断裂，并生成ＣＨ３ＳＳＣＨ３及Ｃ２Ｈ６，在有氧存在下生成ＨＣＨＯ及ＣＨ３ＳＯ３Ｈ〈在有Ｈ２Ｏ２存在下生成ＣＨ３ＳＳＣＨ３，本文讨论了的可能机理，合理地解释光解产物的生成。     

1-辛基-2,3-二甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体对电解铜表面质量的影响

以1-辛基-2,3-二甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体（简写式[OMMIm]Cl）作为添加剂进行铜的电解精炼,对所得阴极铜进行扫描电镜和粗糙度测试.结果表明,在铜电解液中添加5～20 mg/L的[OMMIm]Cl作为添加剂能使阴极铜晶粒细化、板面光滑致密;对含有上述添加剂的电解液进行循环伏安和塔菲尔测试,发现该添加剂对铜离子在阴极的放电有一定的促进作用;从工艺和电化学两方面对[OMMIm]Cl在62℃的铜电解液中的稳定性进行了研究,得知该离子液体在62℃的铜电解液中保温48 h也不影响其对阴极铜细化晶粒的作用效果.     

合成气制二甲醚三相淤浆床反应器气含率

引　言二甲醚是近年来国内外竞相开发、性能优越的碳一化工产品 .二甲醚不仅是从合成气制汽油、低碳烯烃的重要中间体 ,而且也是多种化工产品的重要原料 .同时由于二甲醚具有优良的燃烧性能和高的辛烷值 ,作为柴油的替代品日益引起人们的普遍关注 .随着对环境和生态平衡保护力度的加大 ,二甲醚的作用和地位将越来越重要 .与传统的采用固定床反应器以甲醇为原料脱水生成二甲醚的生产工艺相比 ,以煤或天然气为原料 ,通过合成气在三相淤浆床反应器中一步法合成二甲醚新工艺具有巨大的优越性 .三相淤浆床反应器流体力学性质十分复杂 ,目前还不能…     

碳酸二甲酯的用途及合成研究进展

简介了碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的主要用途.综述了DMC的各种合成方法,以及有关工艺条件和催化剂的研究进展情况;分析比较了各种合成工艺的优劣,介绍了国内外的最新生产情况和未来的研究发展趋势.