塔里木盆地塔东隆起带上震旦统沉积模式探究

随着勘探不断向深层发展,震旦系白云岩因具备良好的生储盖组合条件而逐渐成为近源寻找原生油气藏的重要勘探领域。塔里木盆地塔东隆起带震旦系白云岩埋藏浅,6 000 m以内可勘探面积达1.5×10¹⁰ m²,一旦突破,将带来巨大经济效益。前期受资料所限,研究主要侧重于盆地级的大区研究,对盆内区带级的精细研究开展的比较少,对塔东隆起带震旦系白云岩沉积模式研究更少,这不仅困扰着塔东隆起带震旦系的油气勘探,而且对整个盆地上震旦统岩相古地理编图也有重要影响。借助新的钻井资料和高品质地震资料,对塔东隆起带震旦系白云岩开展地震地层学和沉积学研究,建立上震旦统沉积模式,提出塔东隆起带震旦系为断陷沉积,发育2个北东—南西向的双断裂陷,裂陷中部受基底断块隆升影响,形成断块碳酸盐岩台地,发育浅水台地颗粒滩、潮坪相沉积。震旦纪末期,受构造掀斜运动影响,南部抬升,地层遭受剥蚀,形成现今北厚南薄的楔状地层分布模式。     

Strain Engineering of Wave‐like Nanofibers for Dynamically Switchable Adhesive/Repulsive Surfaces

Engineering surfaces that enable the dynamic tuning of their wetting state is critical to many applications including integrated microfluidics systems, flexible electronics, and smart fabrics. Despite extensive progress, most of the switchable surfaces reported are based on ordered structures that suffer from poor scalability and high fabrication costs. Here, a robust and facile bottom‐up approach is demonstrated that allows for the dynamical and reversible switching between lotus leaf (repulsive) and rose petal (adhesive) states by strain engineering of wave‐like nanofiber layers. Interestingly, it is found that the controlled switching between these two distinctive states is sensitive to the shape of the nanofibers. Moreover, it is observed that the structural integrity of the nanofibers is fully preserved during multicycle dynamic switching. The application of these optimal structures is showcased as mechanical hands demonstrating the capture of water microdroplets and their subsequent release in a well‐controlled manner. It is envisioned that this low‐cost and highly scalable surface texture is a powerful platform for the design of portable microfluidics systems, and the fabrication of large‐scale devices for ambient humidity harvesting and water purification.     

白云岩储层酸压过程中酸液的滤失控制

白云岩储集层酸压改造中的酸液滤失是影响施工效果的关键,常规室内测试结果不能反映入地酸液流体的真实滤失行为。从酸液滤失模式分析入手,结合酸与白云岩石反应动力学特征,探讨了白云岩储层的点蚀密集型、溶蚀孔洞型、溶蚀穿透型酸液滤失行为,认为储集层天然裂缝、白云岩自身物性特征、H+传质系数和反应速度的影响是主要控制酸液滤失的内在因素,并以此为依据提出了现场酸压控制酸液滤失的对策：对于天然裂缝较发育的白云岩储集层,实际酸液滤失程度不及石灰岩,但总体上建议采用黏滞性前置液诱发裂缝（必要时可考虑追加少量粉陶）,尽可能地采用低H+传质系数和低反应速率的高黏酸液体系,交替注酸和附加前置液段塞也能很好地控制地层中酸液的滤失。     

塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘前中生界白云岩储层成因与勘探潜力

钻井岩心、薄片观察和物性资料分析表明,塔北雅克拉断凸及周缘地区前中生界白云岩至少发育3种类型的白云岩储层:风化壳岩溶型、暴露浅滩型和埋藏岩溶型。风化壳岩溶型储层主要受控于古潜山形态,是本区勘探最主要的储层类型;暴露浅滩型储层主要受沉积微相控制,台内滩环境、早期大气淡水淋滤及埋藏成岩环境有机酸的溶蚀是这类储层形成的关键因素;埋藏岩溶型储层主要受埋藏期流体和成岩环境控制。本区白云岩储层形成具有多期次、多类型地质作用的特征,有利的古构造位置和原始沉积相带、建设性成岩作用(白云化作用、溶蚀作用)和断裂及裂缝的发育是白云岩储层形成的关键要素,上覆盖层特别是舒善河组的发育程度是本区白云岩储层油气成藏的关键因素。     

张东地区白云岩裂缝发育特征及分布规律研究

大港油田张东地区沙一下段发育一套白云岩、泥灰岩和油页岩互层沉积,裂缝相对发育。目前,该区已进入开发方案实施准备阶段,需要落实裂缝发育特征及分布规律。根据钻井资料,明确了白云岩储层的宏观展布规律,再利用岩心资料分析、阴极发光及铸体薄片等技术手段分析了白云岩的孔隙类型和裂缝发育形态,最后利用叠前地震各向异性和应力场模拟两种技术手段,预测了裂缝分布规律。裂缝分布预测结果与试油结果吻合程度很高,证实了研究成果的可靠性。     

塔里木柯坪地区下丘里塔格群白云岩成因

根据白云岩的岩石学特征、化学元素分析和X衍射分析以及包裹体测温等多项资料,对塔里木盆地柯坪地区下丘里塔格群白云岩的成因进行了讨论。认为不同类型的白云岩形成于不同的沉积环境,其白云石化模式也不相同。潮坪—泻湖相的藻屑白云岩和泥晶白云岩,主要由泥晶白云石组成,白云石晶粒细小,晶形差,微量元索含量较高。元素Sr,Ba大于100ppm,B大于1ppm,白云石有序度较高(δ=0.84),为库龙白云石化的产物:浅滩相的颗粒白云岩、白云石晶粒变化较大,白云石有序度低(δ=0.56～0.76),为混合白云石化的产物;潮坪相结晶自云岩,由细—中晶白云石组成,有少量的粗晶白云石,白云石呈半自形、自形或他形,白云石有序度高(δ=0.88～0.95),为深埋藏白云石化的产物。     

Painting canvas synthesis

We present the development of a procedural method for texturing and modeling different kinds of woven canvas used to support easel paintings. The detailed macro- and microgeometry of textiles and different weaving patterns found in woven fabrics is conveniently simulated by procedural displacement and surface shading. The common varieties of canvas used in art production since the Italian Renaissance period are presented and recreated. The anatomy of an oil-based painting is briefly introduced and a visual simulation of decay presented. We also apply our texturing and shading techniques to a simple geometric representation of painting to help visualize the changing characteristics developed during the aging process of a canvas support kept in uncontrolled environmental conditions.