硫酸盐还原菌的驯化及脱硫性能研究

对内蒙古某地工业污泥分离出的硫酸盐还原菌 (sulfate-reducing bacteria,SRB)-DYB2菌种进行 离子、电厂脱硫尾液的环境适应驯化并分别进行 脱除试验。首先采用3 000~9 000 mg/L的 驯化DYB2,在38 ℃、pH值为7.2、菌株接种量为10%及厌氧条件下,72 h后,溶液中 的去除率为69.5%~76.9%,净去除量为2 307~ 6 255 mg/L;改变菌株接种量,在38 ℃、pH值为7.2,处理含 1 000~4 000 mg/L的脱硫尾液。当接种量为20%时, 1 000 mg/L去除率最高,达到83.3%,净去除量最高达到2 140 mg/L。结果表明,接种量相同,脱硫尾液中 浓度增加,净去除量增加,但去除率降低;同浓度 脱硫尾液,接种量愈高,去除率与净去除量愈多。     

《哈利·波特与魔法石》在中国大陆的译介

自1997年第一部出版以来,乔安娜·凯瑟琳·罗琳的《哈利·波特》系列丛书风靡全球,被翻译成60多种语言。本文运用伊塔马·埃文一佐哈尔的多元系统论,评析了此系列丛书之一《哈利·波特与魔法石》在中国大陆的译介,得出内地版译本更多地采用了归化的翻译策略的结论。     

Does direct human eye contact function as a warning cue for domestic sheep (Ovis aries)?

Direct eye contact may function as a warning cue during interspecific interactions, and human staring has been shown to influence the behavior of many species. The authors used an arena test to assess whether human staring altered the behavior of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) compared with no human eye contact. Sheep glanced at the staring human's face more often in the first 2 min of the test, indicating that they perceived a difference between the human stimuli. Staring also elicited more locomotor activity and urination than averted gaze. However, there were no differences in fear-related behaviors, suggesting that a staring human did not represent a greater immediate threat than a nonwatching human. These results imply that human staring is a warning cue for domestic sheep, but no more. Without further reinforcement, sheep quickly habituated to the warning cue. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Improvement and Re-Evolution of Tetraploid Wheat for Global Environmental Challenge and Diversity Consumption Demand

Allotetraploid durum wheat is the second most widely cultivated wheat, following hexaploid bread wheat, and is one of the major protein and calorie sources of the human diet. However, durum wheat is encountered with a severe grain yield bottleneck due to the erosion of genetic diversity stemming from long-term domestication and especially modern breeding programs. The improvement of yield and grain quality of durum wheat is crucial when confronted with the increasing global population, changing climate environments, and the non-ignorable increasing incidence of wheat-related disorders. This review summarized the domestication and evolution process and discussed the durum wheat re-evolution attempts performed by global researchers using diploid einkorn, tetraploid emmer wheat, hexaploid wheat (particularly the D-subgenome), etc. In addition, the re-evolution of durum wheat would be promoted by the genetic enrichment process, which could diversify allelic combinations through enhancing chromosome recombination (pentaploid hybridization or pairing of homologous chromosomes gene Ph mutant line induced homoeologous recombination) and environmental adaptability via alien introgressive genes (wide cross or distant hybridization followed by embryo rescue), and modifying target genes or traits by molecular approaches, such as CRISPR/Cas9 or RNA interference (RNAi). A brief discussion of the future perspectives for exploring germplasm for the modern improvement and re-evolution of durum wheat is included.     

浅谈我国乙烯工业面临的问题

我国乙烯工业面临销售形势严峻、原料短缺、装置规模过小、乙烯货源盈缺不均以及国产化程度低等一系列问题。建议有关部门加强乙烯下游产品的开发、广开原料来源、合并小乙烯装置、保障盈缺调剂、加速设备和工艺的国产化进程。     

大型污水处理厂A^2／O工艺快速调试启动方式研究

采用小试倒置A^2／O工艺,通过污泥自然培养和接种培养试验,对白龙港污水处理厂进行快速调试启动方式研究。结果表明,利用自然培养方式需耗时30d完成污泥培养和驯化,出水COD和TP浓度分别于8d和9d后达到《城镇污水处理厂排放标准》（GB18918-2002）中一级B标准,硝化菌和反硝化菌增殖缓慢;接种培养试验中,竹园二厂和曲阳厂的混合污泥接种系统对污染物去除效果最佳,启动所需时间最短。建议在升级扩建工程启动调试期间,采用竹园二厂和曲阳厂的混合脱水污泥进行接种．采取闷曝与连续进出水相结合的方式．以达到快速启动A^2／O系统的目的。     

脱硫微生物的菌种驯化培养

生物脱硫具有低成本、可脱有机硫等优点,不足之处是菌种生长不稳定,需要不断进行驯化培养以提高菌种的脱硫活性。实验采用不同的硫源对脱硫微生物进行了驯化,考察了不同培养基中的微生物的驯化和生长,再将微生物菌种分别接种到煤、黄铁矿和柴油培养基中进行培养。结果表明,在以煤为硫源的培养基中,微生物生长具有较大起伏,不利于菌种的驯化,8d后的脱硫率为10.2%;而在柴油和黄铁矿中培养的微生物则较单一,有利于菌种的驯化,8d后的脱硫率分别为23%和17.4%。