马铃薯渣高效降解菌的驯化、发酵试验及菌粉制备

以马铃薯渣为主料,以选育马铃薯渣高效降解菌为目的,利用梯度法对康宁木霉40144进行定向驯化,并对驯化后的菌株进行发酵试验。结果表明,在发酵条件下,康宁木霉的纤维素酶活提高了2．94倍,发酵培养基的含糖量提高了1．34倍,含氮量提高了1．5倍。驯化的菌株有良好的降解马铃薯渣的能力。将驯化后的菌株制成菌粉,经涂布检测表明,菌粉中的活菌数量可达1．3×10^7个／g,冻干发酵剂可直接应用于马铃薯渣的发酵生产。     

Bioprospecting for brewers: Exploiting natural diversity for naturally diverse beers

The burgeoning interest in archaic, traditional, and novel beer styles has coincided with a growing appreciation of the role of yeasts in determining beer character as well as a better understanding of the ecology and biogeography of yeasts. Multiple studies in recent years have highlighted the potential of wild Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts for production of beers with novel flavour profiles and other desirable properties. Yeasts isolated from spontaneously fermented beers as well as from other food systems (wine, bread, and kombucha) have shown promise for brewing application, and there is evidence that such cross-system transfers have occurred naturally in the past. We review here the available literature pertaining to the use of nonconventional yeasts in brewing, with a focus on the origins of these yeasts, including methods of isolation. Practical aspects of utilizing nondomesticated yeasts are discussed, and modern methods to facilitate discovery of yeasts with brewing potential are highlighted.     

新型宽体节能隧道窑的开发

通过对国外陶瓷隧道窖的研究，开发出了一条既不同于我国传统窑又区别于引进窑的新型宽体节能隧道窑。     

国内归化、异化与西方domestication/foreignization对比研究

很多学者都认为当今国内的归化、异化概念等同于西方韦努蒂笔下的domestication与foreignization.追溯二者的定义,探讨二者的相似点和不同点,认为二者虽然在某些方面有所相似,但并非是等同的两对术语,不能将二者相互替代,更不能将其等同起来.     

文化的归化翻译在文学作品中的应用

翻译与文化有着密切的关系,那就涉及到如何处理文章中的文化因素,尤其是如何处理源语文化与目的语文化的差异问题.翻译界就此有两种对立的看法,即归化和异化.前者主张以源语或原文读者为导向,后者主张以目的语或译文读者为导向.后者似乎在翻译中占了上风.在文学作品中文化翻译也是以归化翻译为主,一来可以避免文化冲突和各种形式的误解:...     

Learning to live in a smart home

ABSTRACT

Smart homes promise to significantly enhance domestic comfort, convenience, security and leisure whilst simultaneously reducing energy use through optimized home energy management. Their ability to achieve these multiple aims rests fundamentally on how they are used by householders, yet very little is currently known about this topic. The few studies that have explored the use of smart homes have tended to focus on special-interest groups and be quite short-term. This paper reports on new in-depth qualitative data that explore the domestication of a range of smart home technologies in 10 households participating in a nine-month field trial. Four core themes emerge: (1) smart home technologies are both technically and socially disruptive; (2) smart homes require forms of adaptation and familiarization from householders that can limit their use; (3) learning to use smart home technologies is a demanding and time-consuming task for which there is currently very little support available; and (4) there is little evidence that smart home technologies will generate substantial energy savings and, indeed, there is a risk that they may generate forms of energy intensification. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for policy, design and further research.     

污水处理中CASS工艺活性污泥培养与驯化

通过重庆市大渡口污水处理厂工程,重点介绍了工程调试中活性污泥培养与驯化的情况。实践表明,采用接种法培养驯化活性污泥20d就能完成污泥培养驯化,COD、BOD、SS的去除率分别为77.8%～88.3%、88.4%～95.9%、83.1%～92.1%,各项出水水质指标达到或优于设计目标。最后对培养驯化过程中出现的泡沫、进水BOD低营养源不足、滗水后期有微弱曝气和污泥回流、排泥等问题提出了相应的解决措施。     

意大利连轧机轧国产化的研制辊

通过对意大利连轧机轧制原理及其轧辊工作状况的分析,在大量试验基础上,成功地对轧辊进行了国产化研制．严格选定材料,并根据不同序号的轧辊分别采用了不同的工艺方法,经过反复实践,轧辊无论是在耐磨性、表面质量、孔型精度、使用寿命等方面,都超过了进口轧辊,为工厂引进设备的消化吸收,创造了良好的经济效益．     

离子束诱变与连续驯化选育耐毒性产丁醇菌株

利用离子束注入的方法对丁醇发酵菌株拜氏梭菌（Clostridium beijerinckii） NCIMB 8052进行诱变,筛选得到了突变株拜氏梭菌（Clostridium beijerinckii） CN18,相对于出发菌株,该突变株的丁醇产量从9.9 g/L增加至12.8 g/L,提高了29.3%;总溶剂产量从13.4 g/L增加至18.2 g/L,提高了35.8%。该突变菌株连续传代20次,溶剂产量稳定,菌株无明显退化。使用含木质素降解产物的培养基对该菌株进行连续培养驯化,最终获得一株耐木质素降解产物的高产突变株,命名为拜氏梭菌（Clostridium beijerinckii） CN88,其耐受木质素降解产物的质量浓度提高至1.0 g/L。在0.6 g/L、0.8 g/L、1.0 g/L的抑制物质量浓度下发酵,可分别产总溶剂15.2 g/L、14.4 g/L、12.7 g/L。     

苹果醋优势醋酸菌株的诱变选育

以酒精含量为7%vol的苹果酒发酵醪液为驯化介质,对引进的醋酸杆菌20056进行驯化与诱变选育。采用紫外诱变的方法,确定最佳诱变条件为诱变时间40 s、诱变距离40 cm、菌液稀释度10-5,此时细胞致死率为82.15%。15株诱变菌株通过诱变效应、产酸实验、定性实验等验证,结果表明经过初步筛选的UV-3、UV-6、UV-11三株正突变菌株,产酸总量分别和诱变前的原菌株相比分别提高了20.45%、23.73%、24.61%,乙醇脱氢酶活性的峰值分别是原菌株的2.7、3.5、3.7倍。紫外诱变有效的提高了苹果酒发酵醪液中的酒精转化力,为优势醋酸菌的选育提供了简便、有效的育种手段。